Conservation Law Foundation, INC. (clf) protects new england's environment for the benefit of all people and future generations. We use the Law, science, and markets to create solutions that preserve and restore our natural resources, build healthy and resilient communities, and sustain a vibrant economy.

501(c)(3) charity; gifts are tax-deductible.
79¢ of each $1 spent went to programs.
$1.4M paid to officers and key staff.
Mission: Form 990 Part I, line 1 · Status: IRS Pub. 78 · Programs: Part IX · Pay: Part VII

Before you give

FY2023 · Form 990Independent: from IRS data, not the org
Download 990
IRS status
501(c)(3)
not on the IRS revocation list
Looks good: listed by the IRS and not on the revocation list.
IRS BMF · Auto-Revocation List
Tax-deductible gifts
Yes
Donations are tax-deductible
Looks good: the IRS lists gifts to it as deductible.
IRS Pub. 78 · IRS BMF
Latest return
FY2025
latest Form 990
Looks good: the latest return is for FY2025, 1 tax year back; within 2 tax years.
IRS e-file · Filing history
Surplus or deficit
3 of 6
filings with a surplus
Average surplus $3.7M a year · 15% of revenue · last 6 filings
Worth a look: a surplus in 3 of the last 6 filings.
Pt I · Ln 19 · 6 filings
Spent on programs
79%
of spending
Looks good: 79% of spending went to programs; 75% or more.
Pt IX · Ln 25 · col B
Pay to officers and key staff
$1.4M
to officers and key staff · 7% of spending
Looks good: pay to officers and key staff is 7% of spending; 15% or less.
Pt VII · Sec A
2 mo
of spending, in cash
Plus $20.7M in investments, Pt X · Ln 11–13
Fine: 2.4 months of spending in cash; 1 to 3.
Pt X · Ln 1–2 · Pt I · Ln 18
Named funders
10
named funders · $126K
Looks good: 10 funders name it on their filings; 3 or more.
Funders’ Sch. I, 990-PF
Liabilities
$6.3M
17% of total assets
Looks good: liabilities are 17% of assets; 50% or less.
Pt X · Ln 26
Independent board members
23
of 24 voting members
Looks good: 23 of 24 voting members are independent, a majority.
Pt VI · Ln 1a–1b
Looks goodFineWorth a lookConcernNo data yetTap a box for the reason.
Revenue
$16.5M
-42% vs prior year
Spent
$21.3M
To programs
79%
Net assets
$30.3M
By yearFY2020–FY2025
Revenue
$16.5M
FY2023▼ -42%
Tap a bar for its year
Revenue by fiscal year
FY2020$13.8M
FY2021$23.3M
FY2022$28.6M
FY2023$16.5M
FY2024$41.6M
FY2025$24.2M
Expenses
$21.3M
FY2023▲ +18%
Tap a bar for its year
Expenses by fiscal year
FY2020$15.5M
FY2021$16.0M
FY2022$18.0M
FY2023$21.3M
FY2024$26.6M
FY2025$28.6M
Net assets
$30.3M
FY2023▼ -10%
Tap a bar for its year
Net assets by fiscal year
FY2020$23.0M
FY2021$33.4M
FY2022$33.7M
FY2023$30.3M
FY2024$47.2M
FY2025$43.7M

From the FY2023 Form 990 (year ending July 2023) · figures checked against the IRS filing · see the original

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You’re viewing the FY2023 filing — not the latest on file. See the latest (FY2025) →

Is it real?

Yes. Never revoked by the IRS. Latest filing on record: FY2025. IRS ruling in Jul 1967.

IRS Pub. 78 · IRS Auto-Revocation List · IRS Business Master File

Where the money goes

79 cents of each dollar spent went to programs.

Program services 79% · $16.9M Management & general 11% · $2.4M Fundraising 9% · $2.0M

Form 990 Part IX, line 25, columns B–D. Every line is in By the numbers.

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Who runs it and what they're paid

30 people listed on the 990; $1.4M paid to officers and key staff.

Part VII, Section A · reportable compensation · most recent filed roster (FY2022); the FY2023 filing did not itemize Part VII
President (ex Officio)
$310,481Pt VII · Sec A
T4ma Director
$220,768Pt VII · Sec A
Senior VP Development
$196,324Pt VII · Sec A
Senior VP, Comms & Marketing
$173,454Pt VII · Sec A
VP Clf Maine, Senior Counsel
$171,050Pt VII · Sec A
Senior VP People, Culture, & Equity
$169,272Pt VII · Sec A
Chief Financial Officer
$169,272Pt VII · Sec A
$0Pt VII · Sec A

Bradley Campbell’s $376K as President (ex Officio) is at the 78th percentile of top reported officer pay among 324 $10–100M environment nonprofits. Peer set: organizations in the same NTEE major field of work and revenue-size band, compared on each org’s own highest-paid officer/key-employee, from Form 990 Part VII / 990-PF Part VIII. Descriptive placement, not a verdict on whether the pay is appropriate.

Compensation history total reportable pay by year · 8 named individuals · Part VII

NameFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020
Bradley Campbell$375,985$334,091$310,481$283,585$272,466$265,082
Katherine Grove$270,569$221,598$196,324$188,769$186,033$190,002
Carol Gregory$244,771$196,830$173,454$166,460—$163,507
Kate Sinding Daly$238,821—————
Eileen Marks$235,286$193,999$169,272———
Joshua Ostroff——$220,768———
Christopher Martinez$219,266$185,402$169,272———
Margaret Church———$212,690$209,600$204,531

Total reportable compensation (Form 990 Part VII column D / Schedule J column E) by filing year, matched by name within this organization. The Schedule J base / bonus / deferred breakdown is not parsed into this dataset.

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Questions the 990 asks

The form asks each of these directly. These are the filed answers.

  • Family or business ties among officersPt VI · Ln 2No
  • Top official's pay set by an independent reviewPt VI · Ln 15aYes

Programs and updates

Advocates for laws and policies to combat climate change, eliminate fossil fuels, and accelerate New England’s transition to equitable, clean energy.

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3 programs · $7.8M · in their own filed words · FY2022
01

Healthy & Resilient Communities

For 50 years CLF has fought to create healthy communities for people across new england. It is how we made our name: returning a clean boston harbor to the people and connecting more of us to reliable public transportation.

$3.8Mprogram expense
02

Clean Energy & Climate Change

CLF is tackling the root causes of the climate crisis and pushing clean energy solutions at the state and regional levels. We must collectively cut climate-damaging emissions to net-zero by 2050 and transition our economy to one run on clean-renewable energy - while ensuring that no new englander is left behind.

$2.2Mprogram expense
03

Ocean Conservation

The ocean plays an integral role in new englanders' lives, our economy, and our communities. However, pollution, overfishing, habitat loss, and climate change threaten its health and our future.

$1.9Mprogram expense

Funders

Who pays for it.

From grant filings on record. Receipts are incomplete: individual donors are never listed.

Grants

Schedule I · received and paid
Grants received · FY2025
See all 10 funders →
Grants paid · 53 grants · $2.0M · 2019–2024
Public Health Institute of Western MaMA · FY2024$58,750
Green Roots INCMA · FY2024$56,250
Groundwork Lawrence INCMA · FY2024$53,500
Act Lawrence INCMA · FY2024$50,000
Tsne MissionworksMA · FY2024$20,000
Unitemized GrantFY2024$14,500
WalkmassachusettsMA · FY2024$12,250
See all 53 grants →

By the numbers

The FY2023 990, line by line.

1The main four
Money inPt VIII
$16.5M
Ln 12
Gifts and grantsLn 1h$15.8M
Fees for servicesLn 2g$794K
Investment incomeLn 3$399K
Money outPt IX
$21.3M
Ln 25
Programscol B$16.9M
Managementcol C$2.4M
Fundraisingcol D$2.0M
Owns and owesPt X
$30.3M
net assets · Ln 32
Cash and savingsLn 1–2$4.2M
Total assetsLn 16$36.6M
LiabilitiesLn 26$6.3M
PeoplePt VI, VII
30
listed · VII A
PaidVII A7
Voting boardVI 1a24
IndependentVI 1b23
2In more detail
Revenue in detailPt VIII
Gifts and grantsLn 1h$15.8M
Noncash giftsLn 1g$502K
Fundraising eventsLn 1c$8K
Fees for servicesLn 2g$794K
Investment incomeLn 3$399K
Gains on assetsLn 7−$552K
Total revenueLn 12$16.5M
Assets in detailPt X, end of year
CashLn 1$3.6M
SavingsLn 2$562K
Cash and savings togetherLn 1–2$4.2M
InvestmentsLn 11–13$20.7M
Land, buildings, equipmentLn 10c$6.5M
Other assetsLn 15$2.0M
Total assetsLn 16$36.6M
LiabilitiesLn 26$6.3M
Net assetsLn 32$30.3M
OperationsPt I, VI
EmployeesI 5177
VolunteersI 6145
Fiscal year endsHeaderJuly
Conflict-of-interest policyVI 12aYes
Whistleblower policyVI 13Yes
Records policyVI 14Yes
3Year over year
Balance sheet, start vs end of yearPt X · col A, B
LineStart FY23End FY23
Cash and savingsLn 1–2$9.7M$4.2M
InvestmentsLn 11–13$12.5M$20.7M
Land, buildings, equipmentLn 10c$6.8M$6.5M
Total assetsLn 16$39.6M$36.6M
LiabilitiesLn 26$6.0M$6.3M
Net assetsLn 32$33.7M$30.3M
4Every line
Statement of functional expensesPt IX · every line
LineTotalProgramsManagementFundraising
Grants to domestic organizationsLn 1$349K$349K
Grants to domestic individualsLn 2$38K$38K
Pay of current officers, directors and key staffLn 5$568K$93K$439K$36K
Other salaries and wagesLn 7$10.8M$8.8M$863K$1.2M
Pension plan contributionsLn 8$342K$286K$17K$38K
Other employee benefitsLn 9$1.3M$1.0M$82K$141K
Payroll taxesLn 10$804K$629K$90K$85K
Legal feesLn 11b$32K$32K
Accounting feesLn 11c$630K$62K$561K$6K
Professional fundraising feesLn 11e$103K$103K
Investment management feesLn 11f$93K$93K
Other fees for servicesLn 11g$3.5M$3.4M$4K$82K
Advertising and promotionLn 12$144K$115K$26K$2K
Office expensesLn 13$337K$260K$4K$73K
Information technologyLn 14$304K$228K$20K$57K
OccupancyLn 16$551K$480K$34K$36K
TravelLn 17$214K$190K$8K$16K
Conferences, conventions and meetingsLn 19$188K$105K$5K$77K
InterestLn 20$178K$137K$19K$21K
Depreciation, depletion and amortizationLn 22$429K$333K$46K$50K
Other expenses (24a–d)Ln 24$342K$318K$6K$18K
All other expensesLn 24e$105K$88K$6K$11K
Total functional expensesLn 25$21.3M$16.9M$2.4M$2.0M

Filing history

YearMoney inMoney outIn minus outNet assetsDownload
FY2025 Latest $24.2M$28.6M−$4.4M$43.7M 990 PDF
FY2024 $41.6M$26.6M$15.0M$47.2M 990 PDF
FY2023 Viewing $16.5M$21.3M−$4.7M$30.3M 990 PDF
FY2022 $28.6M$18.0M$10.6M$33.7M 990 PDF
FY2021 $23.3M$16.0M$7.3M$33.4M 990 PDF
FY2020 $13.8M$15.5M−$1.7M$23.0M 990 PDF

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Schedules filed Part IV

III · Programs R · Related orgs G · Fundraising L · Interested persons I · Grants A · Public support M · Noncash J · Pay O · Explanations
See the full FY2023 990 (6 parts)
Part I · Summary $16,528,889 revenue, 12 lines filed
I-8 Contributions and grantsPrior year $19,413,704$15,844,038
I-9 Program service revenuePrior year $591,253$794,409
I-10 Investment incomePrior year $8,629,472−$153,650
I-11 Other revenuePrior year −$4,628$44,092
I-12 Total revenuePrior year $28,629,801$16,528,889
I-13 Grants and similar amounts paidPrior year $145,800$387,236
I-14 Benefits paid to membersPrior year $0$0
I-15 Salaries and benefitsPrior year $11,672,022$13,753,590
I-16a Professional fundraising feesPrior year $0$102,975
I-17 Other expensesPrior year $6,192,283$7,016,174
I-18 Total expensesPrior year $18,010,105$21,259,975
I-19 Revenue less expensesPrior year $10,619,696−$4,731,086
Part VI · Governance 23 of 24 board members independent, no flags
VI-1a Voting members of the governing body24
VI-1b Independent voting members23
VI-2 Family or business relationship among officers or directorsNo
VI-12a Written conflict of interest policyYes
VI-13 Written whistleblower policyYes
VI-14 Document retention and destruction policyYes
VI-15a Process for setting top official's payYes
Part VIII · Statement of revenue $16,528,889 across 10 lines filed
Lines not itemized here account for $33,050 of total revenue; see the IRS return.
VIII-1c Fundraising events$7,613
VIII-1f All other contributions, gifts and grants$15,836,425
VIII-1g Noncash contributions (included above)$501,965
VIII-1h Total contributions, gifts and grants$15,844,038
VIII-2a-f Program service revenue, itemized rows (sum of 2a–2f as filed)Related to mission $765,628$765,628
VIII-3 Investment incomeExcluded from tax $398,639$398,639
VIII-6 Net rental income or lossExcluded from tax $40,795$40,795
VIII-7 Net gain or loss on sales of assetsExcluded from tax −$552,289−$552,289
VIII-8 Net income from fundraising eventsExcluded from tax −$972−$972
VIII-12 Total revenueRelated to mission $794,409 · Unrelated business $0 · Excluded from tax −$109,558$16,528,889
Part IX · Statement of functional expenses $21,259,975 across 22 lines filed
IX-1 Grants to domestic organizationsPrograms $348,736$348,736
IX-2 Grants to domestic individualsPrograms $38,500$38,500
IX-5 Pay of current officers, directors and key staffPrograms $92,825 · Management $438,880 · Fundraising $36,049$567,754
IX-7 Other salaries and wagesPrograms $8,758,097 · Management $862,510 · Fundraising $1,152,309$10,772,916
IX-8 Pension plan contributionsPrograms $286,045 · Management $17,369 · Fundraising $38,308$341,722
IX-9 Other employee benefitsPrograms $1,043,346 · Management $82,195 · Fundraising $141,174$1,266,715
IX-10 Payroll taxesPrograms $629,412 · Management $90,250 · Fundraising $84,821$804,483
IX-11b Legal feesManagement $31,798$31,798
IX-11c Accounting feesPrograms $62,400 · Management $560,881 · Fundraising $6,240$629,521
IX-11e Professional fundraising feesFundraising $102,975$102,975
IX-11f Investment management feesManagement $92,697$92,697
IX-11g Other fees for servicesPrograms $3,386,662 · Management $3,640 · Fundraising $81,701$3,472,003
IX-12 Advertising and promotionPrograms $114,891 · Management $26,405 · Fundraising $2,370$143,666
IX-13 Office expensesPrograms $260,276 · Management $3,812 · Fundraising $72,659$336,747
IX-14 Information technologyPrograms $227,842 · Management $19,774 · Fundraising $56,598$304,214
IX-16 OccupancyPrograms $479,851 · Management $34,313 · Fundraising $36,418$550,582
IX-17 TravelPrograms $189,738 · Management $8,316 · Fundraising $16,043$214,097
IX-19 Conferences, conventions and meetingsPrograms $104,684 · Management $5,409 · Fundraising $77,430$187,523
IX-20 InterestPrograms $136,986 · Management $19,427 · Fundraising $21,194$177,607
IX-22 Depreciation, depletion and amortizationPrograms $332,728 · Management $45,900 · Fundraising $50,073$428,701
IX-24 Other expenses (24a–d)Programs $317,619 · Management $6,222 · Fundraising $18,223$342,064
IX-24e All other expensesPrograms $87,762 · Management $6,013 · Fundraising $11,179$104,954
IX-25 Total functional expensesPrograms $16,898,400 · Management $2,355,811 · Fundraising $2,005,764$21,259,975
Part X · Balance sheet $36,586,667 assets, 18 lines filed
X-1 Cash, non-interest-bearingStart of year $6,066,694$3,606,691
X-2 Savings and temporary cash investmentsStart of year $3,681,603$562,344
X-3 Pledges and grants receivableStart of year $6,274,907$2,464,298
X-4 Accounts receivableStart of year $1,551,133$477,115
X-9 Prepaid expenses and deferred chargesStart of year $347,758$204,216
X-10c Land, buildings and equipment, netStart of year $6,837,665$6,518,760
X-11 Publicly traded securitiesStart of year $10,273,442$18,098,225
X-12 Other securitiesStart of year $2,245,923$2,624,099
X-15 Other assetsStart of year $2,346,624$2,030,919
X-16 Total assetsStart of year $39,625,749$36,586,667
X-17 Accounts payable and accrued expensesStart of year $1,824,937$1,935,791
X-20 Tax-exempt bond liabilitiesStart of year $4,047,360$3,944,721
X-25 Other liabilitiesStart of year $97,955$446,498
X-26 Total liabilitiesStart of year $5,970,252$6,327,010
X-27 Net assets without donor restrictionsStart of year $10,750,252$12,405,321
X-28 Net assets with donor restrictionsStart of year $22,905,245$17,854,336
X-32 Total net assets or fund balancesStart of year $33,655,497$30,259,657
X-33 Total liabilities and net assetsStart of year $39,625,749$36,586,667
Part XI · Reconciliation of net assets $30,259,657 net assets at year end
XI-1 Total revenue$16,528,889
XI-2 Total expenses$21,259,975
XI-3 Revenue less expenses−$4,731,086
XI-4 Net assets at start of year$33,655,497
XI-5 Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments$1,332,279
XI-9 Other changes in net assets$2,967
XI-10 Net assets at end of year$30,259,657

Form 990 e-file (XML) FY2023 from the IRS · Classification, formation year and address from the IRS Business Master File

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