Reduce Global poverty and improve lives through innovative economic research that drives better policy and practice by the world's top decision makers. We focus on the intersection of developing countries and the governments, institutions and corporations that can help them deliver greater progress.

501(c)(3) charity; gifts are tax-deductible.
84¢ of each $1 spent went to programs.
$2.5M paid to officers and key staff.
Mission: Form 990 Part I, line 1 · Status: IRS Pub. 78 · Programs: Part IX · Pay: Part VII

Before you give

FY2024 · Form 990Independent: from IRS data, not the org
Download 990
IRS status
501(c)(3)
not on the IRS revocation list
Looks good: listed by the IRS and not on the revocation list.
IRS BMF · Auto-Revocation List
Tax-deductible gifts
Yes
Donations are tax-deductible
Looks good: the IRS lists gifts to it as deductible.
IRS Pub. 78 · IRS BMF
Latest return
FY2025
latest Form 990
Looks good: the latest return is for FY2025, 1 tax year back; within 2 tax years.
IRS e-file · Filing history
Surplus or deficit
4 of 6
filings with a surplus
Average surplus $2.1M a year · 10% of revenue · last 6 filings
Fine: a surplus in 4 of the last 6 filings.
Pt I · Ln 19 · 6 filings
Spent on programs
84%
of spending
Looks good: 84% of spending went to programs; 75% or more.
Pt IX · Ln 25 · col B
Pay to officers and key staff
$2.5M
to officers and key staff · 14% of spending
Looks good: pay to officers and key staff is 14% of spending; 15% or less.
Pt VII · Sec A
11 mo
of spending, in cash
Plus $28.0M in investments, Pt X · Ln 11–13
Looks good: 11.0 months of spending in cash; 3 or more.
Pt X · Ln 1–2 · Pt I · Ln 18
Named funders
17
named funders · $15.0M
Looks good: 17 funders name it on their filings; 3 or more.
Funders’ Sch. I, 990-PF
Liabilities
$10.4M
16% of total assets
Looks good: liabilities are 16% of assets; 50% or less.
Pt X · Ln 26
Independent board members
20
of 20 voting members
Looks good: 20 of 20 voting members are independent, a majority.
Pt VI · Ln 1a–1b
Looks goodFineWorth a lookConcernNo data yetTap a box for the reason.
Revenue
$23.6M
+50% vs prior year
Spent
$18.1M
To programs
84%
Net assets
$55.4M
By yearFY2020–FY2025
Revenue
$23.6M
FY2024▲ +50%
Tap a bar for its year
Revenue by fiscal year
FY2020$28.1M
FY2021$14.3M
FY2022$21.7M
FY2023$15.7M
FY2024$23.6M
FY2025$27.9M
Expenses
$18.1M
FY2024▼ -14%
Tap a bar for its year
Expenses by fiscal year
FY2020$20.5M
FY2021$20.0M
FY2022$19.7M
FY2023$21.0M
FY2024$18.1M
FY2025$19.2M
Net assets
$55.4M
FY2024▲ +13%
Tap a bar for its year
Net assets by fiscal year
FY2020$61.7M
FY2021$54.7M
FY2022$52.5M
FY2023$49.0M
FY2024$55.4M
FY2025$67.9M

From the FY2024 Form 990 · figures checked against the IRS filing · see the original

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You’re viewing the FY2024 filing — not the latest on file. See the latest (FY2025) →

Is it real?

Yes. Never revoked by the IRS. Latest filing on record: FY2025. IRS ruling in Jun 2002.

IRS Pub. 78 · IRS Auto-Revocation List · IRS Business Master File

Where the money goes

84 cents of each dollar spent went to programs.

Program services 84% · $15.3M Management & general 12% · $2.1M Fundraising 4% · $714K

Form 990 Part IX, line 25, columns B–D. Every line is in By the numbers.

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Who runs it and what they're paid

33 people listed on the 990; $2.5M paid to officers and key staff.

Part VII, Section A · reportable compensation
President (until 07/24)
$424,102Pt VII · Sec A
Interim President
$339,672Pt VII · Sec A
Chief Financial Officer
$285,419Pt VII · Sec A
$243,228Pt VII · Sec A
Senior Policy Fellow & Dir.
$236,493Pt VII · Sec A
Senior Fellow
$224,864Pt VII · Sec A
Senior Fellow
$218,256Pt VII · Sec A
Senior Fellow & Director
$217,322Pt VII · Sec A

Rachel Glennerster’s $419K as President is at the 92nd percentile of top reported officer pay among 3122 $10–100M human services nonprofits. Peer set: organizations in the same NTEE major field of work and revenue-size band, compared on each org’s own highest-paid officer/key-employee, from Form 990 Part VII / 990-PF Part VIII. Descriptive placement, not a verdict on whether the pay is appropriate.

Compensation history total reportable pay by year · 8 named individuals · Part VII

NameFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020
Masood Ahmed—$424,102$514,364$491,545$439,146$442,787
Rachel Glennerster$418,876$137,554————
Amanda Glassman———$375,728$342,028$360,593
Mark Plant—$339,672$249,625———
Markus Goldstein$291,565—————
Ellen Mackenzie—$285,419$284,916$284,246$251,132$271,830
Clemence Landers$269,351$182,658————
Liliana Rojas Suarez—$243,228————

Total reportable compensation (Form 990 Part VII column D / Schedule J column E) by filing year, matched by name within this organization. The Schedule J base / bonus / deferred breakdown is not parsed into this dataset.

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Questions the 990 asks

The form asks each of these directly. These are the filed answers.

  • Family or business ties among officersPt VI · Ln 2No
  • Top official's pay set by an independent reviewPt VI · Ln 15aYes

Programs and updates

Researches global health inequities and emerging problems to advise governments and donors on effective, evidence-based policies.

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Provided by the organization

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1 program · $15.3M · in their own filed words · FY2024
01

Global Health

As more countries rise out of poverty, CGD is focusing on the inequities and emerging problems that jeopardize global health progress: how should governments allocate scarce health budgets rationally?

$15.3Mprogram expense

Funders

Who pays for it.

From grant filings on record. Receipts are incomplete: individual donors are never listed.

Grants

Schedule I · received and paid
Grants received · FY2024
See all 17 funders →
Grants paid · 8 grants · $3.2M · 2020–2025
IdinsightNJ · FY2025$101,000
The Brookings InstitutionDC · FY2025$60,000
Refugees International INCDC · FY2024$282,383
Research Triangle InstituteNC · FY2023$980,799
Refugees International INCDC · FY2023$387,496
Research Triangle InstituteNC · FY2022$636,008
Refugees International INCDC · FY2022$489,879

By the numbers

The FY2024 990, line by line.

1The main four
Money inPt VIII
$23.6M
Ln 12
Gifts and grantsLn 1h$21.9M
Investment incomeLn 3$1.3M
Fees for servicesLn 2g$274K
Money outPt IX
$18.1M
Ln 25
Programscol B$15.3M
Managementcol C$2.1M
Fundraisingcol D$714K
Owns and owesPt X
$55.4M
net assets · Ln 32
Cash and savingsLn 1–2$16.6M
Total assetsLn 16$65.8M
LiabilitiesLn 26$10.4M
PeoplePt VI, VII
33
listed · VII A
PaidVII A10
Voting boardVI 1a20
IndependentVI 1b20
2In more detail
Revenue in detailPt VIII
Gifts and grantsLn 1h$21.9M
Government grantsLn 1e$390K
Fees for servicesLn 2g$274K
Investment incomeLn 3$1.3M
Other incomeLn 4–11$40K
Gains on assetsLn 7$280K
Total revenueLn 12$23.6M
Assets in detailPt X, end of year
SavingsLn 2$16.6M
Cash and savings togetherLn 1–2$16.6M
InvestmentsLn 11–13$28.0M
Land, buildings, equipmentLn 10c$12.1M
Other assetsLn 15$638K
Total assetsLn 16$65.8M
LiabilitiesLn 26$10.4M
Net assetsLn 32$55.4M
OperationsPt I, VI
EmployeesI 586
VolunteersI 624
Fiscal year endsHeaderDecember
Conflict-of-interest policyVI 12aYes
Whistleblower policyVI 13Yes
Records policyVI 14Yes
3Year over year
Balance sheet, start vs end of yearPt X · col A, B
LineStart FY24End FY24
Cash and savingsLn 1–2$18.2M$16.6M
InvestmentsLn 11–13$25.9M$28.0M
Land, buildings, equipmentLn 10c$12.6M$12.1M
Total assetsLn 16$60.3M$65.8M
LiabilitiesLn 26$11.3M$10.4M
Net assetsLn 32$49.0M$55.4M
4Every line
Statement of functional expensesPt IX · every line
LineTotalProgramsManagementFundraising
Grants to domestic organizationsLn 1$282K$282K
Grants and assistance to foreign recipientsLn 3$2.6M$2.6M
Pay of current officers, directors and key staffLn 5$1.6M$901K$508K$153K
Other salaries and wagesLn 7$7.0M$6.6M$35K$360K
Pension plan contributionsLn 8$898K$838K$21K$38K
Other employee benefitsLn 9$797K$704K$46K$46K
Payroll taxesLn 10$621K$548K$37K$36K
Legal feesLn 11b$41K$24K$15K$2K
Accounting feesLn 11c$180K$105K$68K$7K
Investment management feesLn 11f$46K$46K
Other fees for servicesLn 11g$1.1M$941K$111K$11K
Office expensesLn 13$182K$123K$55K$4K
Information technologyLn 14$88K$51K$33K$3K
OccupancyLn 16$642K$376K$250K$16K
TravelLn 17$365K$323K$32K$9K
Conferences, conventions and meetingsLn 19$206K$163K$43K
InterestLn 20$327K$191K$127K$8K
Depreciation, depletion and amortizationLn 22$589K$589K
InsuranceLn 23$65K$40K$18K$7K
Other expenses (24a–d)Ln 24$615K$507K$95K$13K
Total functional expensesLn 25$18.1M$15.3M$2.1M$714K

Filing history

YearMoney inMoney outIn minus outNet assetsDownload
FY2025 Latest $27.9M$19.2M$8.6M$67.9M 990 PDF
FY2024 Viewing $23.6M$18.1M$5.5M$55.4M 990 PDF
FY2023 $15.7M$21.0M−$5.4M$49.0M 990 PDF
FY2022 $21.7M$19.7M$2.0M$52.5M 990 PDF
FY2021 $14.3M$20.0M−$5.7M$54.7M 990 PDF
FY2020 $28.1M$20.5M$7.6M$61.7M 990 PDF

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Schedules filed Part IV

III · Programs R · Related orgs G · Fundraising L · Interested persons I · Grants A · Public support F · Foreign J · Pay O · Explanations
See the full FY2024 990 (6 parts)
Part I · Summary $23,575,821 revenue, 12 lines filed
I-8 Contributions and grantsPrior year $14,163,388$21,915,705
I-9 Program service revenuePrior year $397,602$273,795
I-10 Investment incomePrior year $1,100,604$1,346,198
I-11 Other revenuePrior year $15,383$40,123
I-12 Total revenuePrior year $15,676,977$23,575,821
I-13 Grants and similar amounts paidPrior year $4,145,569$2,866,840
I-14 Benefits paid to membersPrior year $0$0
I-15 Salaries and benefitsPrior year $11,781,146$10,849,288
I-16a Professional fundraising feesPrior year $0$0
I-17 Other expensesPrior year $5,103,657$4,408,702
I-18 Total expensesPrior year $21,030,372$18,124,830
I-19 Revenue less expensesPrior year −$5,353,395$5,450,991
Part VI · Governance 20 of 20 board members independent, no flags
VI-1a Voting members of the governing body20
VI-1b Independent voting members20
VI-2 Family or business relationship among officers or directorsNo
VI-12a Written conflict of interest policyYes
VI-13 Written whistleblower policyYes
VI-14 Document retention and destruction policyYes
VI-15a Process for setting top official's payYes
Part VIII · Statement of revenue $23,575,821 across 9 lines filed
VIII-1d Related organizations$1,096,192
VIII-1e Government grants$390,050
VIII-1f All other contributions, gifts and grants$20,429,463
VIII-1h Total contributions, gifts and grants$21,915,705
VIII-2a-f Program service revenue, itemized rows (sum of 2a–2f as filed)Related to mission $273,795$273,795
VIII-3 Investment incomeExcluded from tax $1,065,930$1,065,930
VIII-7 Net gain or loss on sales of assetsExcluded from tax $280,268$280,268
VIII-11a-d Other revenue, itemized rows (sum of 11a–11d as filed)Excluded from tax $40,123$40,123
VIII-12 Total revenueRelated to mission $273,795 · Unrelated business $0 · Excluded from tax $1,386,321$23,575,821
Part IX · Statement of functional expenses $18,124,830 across 20 lines filed
IX-1 Grants to domestic organizationsPrograms $282,383$282,383
IX-3 Grants and assistance to foreign recipientsPrograms $2,584,457$2,584,457
IX-5 Pay of current officers, directors and key staffPrograms $900,843 · Management $507,519 · Fundraising $153,224$1,561,586
IX-7 Other salaries and wagesPrograms $6,576,553 · Management $34,803 · Fundraising $360,170$6,971,526
IX-8 Pension plan contributionsPrograms $838,371 · Management $21,133 · Fundraising $38,413$897,917
IX-9 Other employee benefitsPrograms $704,265 · Management $46,383 · Fundraising $46,276$796,924
IX-10 Payroll taxesPrograms $547,955 · Management $37,047 · Fundraising $36,333$621,335
IX-11b Legal feesPrograms $24,036 · Management $15,475 · Fundraising $1,540$41,051
IX-11c Accounting feesPrograms $105,357 · Management $67,831 · Fundraising $6,748$179,936
IX-11f Investment management feesManagement $45,768$45,768
IX-11g Other fees for servicesPrograms $941,228 · Management $111,070 · Fundraising $11,050$1,063,348
IX-13 Office expensesPrograms $123,021 · Management $55,085 · Fundraising $3,877$181,983
IX-14 Information technologyPrograms $51,492 · Management $33,152 · Fundraising $3,298$87,942
IX-16 OccupancyPrograms $376,207 · Management $250,000 · Fundraising $16,163$642,370
IX-17 TravelPrograms $323,390 · Management $32,279 · Fundraising $9,099$364,768
IX-19 Conferences, conventions and meetingsPrograms $162,789 · Management $43,335$206,124
IX-20 InterestPrograms $191,468 · Management $127,236 · Fundraising $8,226$326,930
IX-22 Depreciation, depletion and amortizationManagement $588,857$588,857
IX-23 InsurancePrograms $40,444 · Management $18,039 · Fundraising $6,583$65,066
IX-24 Other expenses (24a–d)Programs $506,885 · Management $95,079 · Fundraising $12,595$614,559
IX-25 Total functional expensesPrograms $15,281,144 · Management $2,130,091 · Fundraising $713,595$18,124,830
Part X · Balance sheet $65,836,543 assets, 15 lines filed
X-2 Savings and temporary cash investmentsStart of year $18,154,954$16,619,870
X-3 Pledges and grants receivableStart of year $2,603,435$8,380,800
X-9 Prepaid expenses and deferred chargesStart of year $149,120$137,546
X-10c Land, buildings and equipment, netStart of year $12,604,598$12,072,732
X-11 Publicly traded securitiesStart of year $25,943,806$27,987,741
X-15 Other assetsStart of year $823,116$637,854
X-16 Total assetsStart of year $60,279,029$65,836,543
X-17 Accounts payable and accrued expensesStart of year $715,548$369,269
X-20 Tax-exempt bond liabilitiesStart of year $9,701,116$9,341,682
X-25 Other liabilitiesStart of year $904,175$699,459
X-26 Total liabilitiesStart of year $11,320,839$10,410,410
X-27 Net assets without donor restrictionsStart of year $36,558,036$38,476,069
X-28 Net assets with donor restrictionsStart of year $12,400,154$16,950,064
X-32 Total net assets or fund balancesStart of year $48,958,190$55,426,133
X-33 Total liabilities and net assetsStart of year $60,279,029$65,836,543
Part XI · Reconciliation of net assets $55,426,133 net assets at year end
XI-1 Total revenue$23,575,821
XI-2 Total expenses$18,124,830
XI-3 Revenue less expenses$5,450,991
XI-4 Net assets at start of year$48,958,190
XI-5 Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments$1,016,952
XI-9 Other changes in net assets$0
XI-10 Net assets at end of year$55,426,133

Form 990 e-file (XML) FY2024 from the IRS · Classification, formation year and address from the IRS Business Master File

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