To explore, understand and explain the origin and nature of life in the universe and the evolution of intelligence.

501(c)(3) charity; gifts are tax-deductible.
77¢ of each $1 spent went to programs.
$1.4M paid to officers and key staff.
Mission: Form 990 Part I, line 1 · Status: IRS Pub. 78 · Programs: Part IX · Pay: Part VII

Before you give

FY2021 · Form 990Independent: from IRS data, not the org
Download 990
IRS status
501(c)(3)
not on the IRS revocation list
Looks good: listed by the IRS and not on the revocation list.
IRS BMF · Auto-Revocation List
Tax-deductible gifts
Yes
Donations are tax-deductible
Looks good: the IRS lists gifts to it as deductible.
IRS Pub. 78 · IRS BMF
Latest return
FY2025
latest Form 990
Looks good: the latest return is for FY2025, 1 tax year back; within 2 tax years.
IRS e-file · Filing history
Surplus or deficit
4 of 6
filings with a surplus
Average surplus $35.8M a year · 58% of revenue · last 6 filings
Fine: a surplus in 4 of the last 6 filings.
Pt I · Ln 19 · 6 filings
Spent on programs
77%
of spending
Looks good: 77% of spending went to programs; 75% or more.
Pt IX · Ln 25 · col B
Pay to officers and key staff
$1.4M
to officers and key staff · 6% of spending
Looks good: pay to officers and key staff is 6% of spending; 15% or less.
Pt VII · Sec A
2 mo
of spending, in cash
Fine: 1.7 months of spending in cash; 1 to 3.
Pt X · Ln 1–2 · Pt I · Ln 18
Named funders
1
named funder · $24K
Fine: 1 funder names it on their filings; under 3.
Funders’ Sch. I, 990-PF
Liabilities
$3.3M
20% of total assets
Looks good: liabilities are 20% of assets; 50% or less.
Pt X · Ln 26
Independent board members
17
of 18 voting members
Looks good: 17 of 18 voting members are independent, a majority.
Pt VI · Ln 1a–1b
Looks goodFineWorth a lookConcernNo data yetTap a box for the reason.
Revenue
$25.9M
+14% vs prior year
Spent
$21.9M
To programs
77%
Net assets
$13.0M
By yearFY2020–FY2025
Revenue
$25.9M
FY2021▲ +14%
Tap a bar for its year
Revenue by fiscal year
FY2020$22.7M
FY2021$25.9M
FY2022$28.0M
FY2023$209.9M
FY2024$55.2M
FY2025$27.4M
Expenses
$21.9M
FY2021▼ -5%
Tap a bar for its year
Expenses by fiscal year
FY2020$23.1M
FY2021$21.9M
FY2022$24.5M
FY2023$25.0M
FY2024$28.8M
FY2025$30.9M
Net assets
$13.0M
FY2021▲ +45%
Tap a bar for its year
Net assets by fiscal year
FY2020$9.0M
FY2021$13.0M
FY2022$17.3M
FY2023$202.2M
FY2024$228.6M
FY2025$239.0M

From the FY2021 Form 990 (year ending September 2021) · figures checked against the IRS filing · see the original

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You’re viewing the FY2021 filing — not the latest on file. See the latest (FY2025) →

Is it real?

Yes. Never revoked by the IRS. Latest filing on record: FY2025. IRS ruling in Jan 1985.

IRS Pub. 78 · IRS Auto-Revocation List · IRS Business Master File

Where the money goes

77 cents of each dollar spent went to programs.

Program services 77% · $16.9M Management & general 21% · $4.7M Fundraising 2% · $352K

Form 990 Part IX, line 25, columns B–D. Every line is in By the numbers.

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Who runs it and what they're paid

24 people listed on the 990; $1.4M paid to officers and key staff.

Part VII, Section A · reportable compensation · most recent filed roster (FY2020); the FY2021 filing did not itemize Part VII
Secretary, President & CEO
$272,525Pt VII · Sec A
Senior Scientific Programm
$207,874Pt VII · Sec A
Data Scientist
$204,808Pt VII · Sec A
Senior Scientist
$199,805Pt VII · Sec A
Senior Scientist
$180,225Pt VII · Sec A
Senior Scientist
$175,425Pt VII · Sec A
Chief Financial Officer
$156,005Pt VII · Sec A
$0Pt VII · Sec A

Bill Diamond’s $422K as Secretary, President & CEO is at the 58th percentile of top reported officer pay among 139 $10–100M science & technology nonprofits. Peer set: organizations in the same NTEE major field of work and revenue-size band, compared on each org’s own highest-paid officer/key-employee, from Form 990 Part VII / 990-PF Part VIII. Descriptive placement, not a verdict on whether the pay is appropriate.

Compensation history total reportable pay by year · 8 named individuals · Part VII

NameFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020
Bill Diamond$421,694$334,364$300,690$275,918$272,525$255,119
Janice Bishop$246,314$234,635$223,472$212,330$199,805$190,294
Bruce Campbell$230,886$186,294$175,354$158,923$156,005$134,684
Joseph Twicken$215,112$213,870$213,870$211,249——
Nathalie Cabrol$210,000—————
William Sparks—————$210,000
Peter Tenenbaum$208,974$208,311$207,100$207,163$204,808$198,809
Josheph Twicken————$207,874$202,605

Total reportable compensation (Form 990 Part VII column D / Schedule J column E) by filing year, matched by name within this organization. The Schedule J base / bonus / deferred breakdown is not parsed into this dataset.

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Questions the 990 asks

The form asks each of these directly. These are the filed answers.

  • Family or business ties among officersPt VI · Ln 2No
  • Top official's pay set by an independent reviewPt VI · Ln 15aYes

Programs and updates

Explores, understands, and explains the origin and nature of life and intelligence in the universe.

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Provided by the organization

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3 programs · $16.9M · in their own filed words · FY2020
01

The 100+ scientists in the carl sagan center for research conduct groundbreaking work pertaining to fundamental questions about the origin and proliferation of life right here on earth and beyond.

$14.9Mprogram expense
02

The center for education has impacted more than a half million student and develops stem resources that teach, excite and inspire children, young adults and educators. These programs foster future leaders and include: girl scout stars, which develops space science badges for girl scouts, provides training for adult volunteers and…

$1.5Mprogram expense
03

The center for outreach believes that understanding our work places humanity in a greater context. We share research and learning with the public through digital, real world and broadcast activities.

$553Kprogram expense

Funders

Who pays for it.

From grant filings on record. Receipts are incomplete: individual donors are never listed.

Grants

Schedule I · received and paid
Grants received · FY2025
Total grants receivedfrom 1 funder$24K
Grants paid · 201 grants · $15.6M · 2019–2024
Baja Technology LLCFY2024$196,500
Planetary Science InstituteAZ · FY2024$187,842
West EdCA · FY2024$175,432
Southwest Research InstituteTX · FY2024$172,064
Trustees of Purdue UniversityIN · FY2024$132,676
California Academy of SciencesCA · FY2024$111,303
University of FloridaFL · FY2024$97,360
Unitemized GrantFY2024$84,000
Other Orb LLCFY2024$84,000
University of Massachusetts - AmherstFY2024$78,243
Cornell UniversityNY · FY2024$50,000
Leiden Measurement TechnologyFY2024$38,012
University of WashingtonFY2024$32,380
University of OklahomaFY2024$30,886
See all 201 grants →

By the numbers

The FY2021 990, line by line.

1The main four
Money inPt VIII
$25.9M
Ln 12
Gifts and grantsLn 1h$26.1M
Investment incomeLn 3$273
Money outPt IX
$21.9M
Ln 25
Programscol B$16.9M
Managementcol C$4.7M
Fundraisingcol D$352K
Owns and owesPt X
$13.0M
net assets · Ln 32
Cash and savingsLn 1–2$3.1M
Total assetsLn 16$16.2M
LiabilitiesLn 26$3.3M
PeoplePt VI, VII
24
listed · VII A
PaidVII A7
Voting boardVI 1a18
IndependentVI 1b17
2In more detail
Revenue in detailPt VIII
Gifts and grantsLn 1h$26.1M
Government grantsLn 1e$20.8M
Fundraising eventsLn 1c$256K
Investment incomeLn 3$273
Total revenueLn 12$25.9M
Assets in detailPt X, end of year
CashLn 1$2.9M
SavingsLn 2$253K
Cash and savings togetherLn 1–2$3.1M
InvestmentsLn 11–13$750K
Land, buildings, equipmentLn 10c$9.1M
Other assetsLn 15$518K
Total assetsLn 16$16.2M
LiabilitiesLn 26$3.3M
Net assetsLn 32$13.0M
OperationsPt I, VI
EmployeesI 5177
VolunteersI 617
Fiscal year endsHeaderSeptember
Conflict-of-interest policyVI 12aYes
Whistleblower policyVI 13Yes
Records policyVI 14Yes
3Year over year
Balance sheet, start vs end of yearPt X · col A, B
LineStart FY21End FY21
Cash and savingsLn 1–2$4.2M$3.1M
InvestmentsLn 11–13$750K
Land, buildings, equipmentLn 10c$7.1M$9.1M
Total assetsLn 16$14.5M$16.2M
LiabilitiesLn 26$5.6M$3.3M
Net assetsLn 32$9.0M$13.0M
4Every line
Statement of functional expensesPt IX · every line
LineTotalProgramsManagementFundraising
Grants to domestic organizationsLn 1$2.9M$2.9M
Grants and assistance to foreign recipientsLn 3$993K$993K
Pay of current officers, directors and key staffLn 5$531K$23K$501K$7K
Other salaries and wagesLn 7$10.5M$8.3M$2.0M$181K
Pension plan contributionsLn 8$660K$519K$134K$6K
Other employee benefitsLn 9$1.7M$1.1M$501K$28K
Payroll taxesLn 10$875K$671K$190K$14K
Legal feesLn 11b$47K$28K$11K$8K
Accounting feesLn 11c$67K$67K
Professional fundraising feesLn 11e$52K$52K
Other fees for servicesLn 11g$965K$886K$71K$8K
Advertising and promotionLn 12$31K$31K
Office expensesLn 13$188K$71K$105K$12K
Information technologyLn 14$210K$17K$190K$3K
OccupancyLn 16$661K$7K$654K
TravelLn 17$246K$240K$4K$2K
Conferences, conventions and meetingsLn 19$27K$17K$10K
InterestLn 20$220$220
Depreciation, depletion and amortizationLn 22$743K$707K$37K
InsuranceLn 23$134K$21K$113K$224
Other expenses (24a–d)Ln 24$529K$383K$115K$31K
All other expensesLn 24e$20$20
Total functional expensesLn 25$21.9M$16.9M$4.7M$352K

Filing history

YearMoney inMoney outIn minus outNet assetsDownload
FY2025 Latest $27.4M$30.9M−$3.6M$239.0M 990 PDF
FY2024 $55.2M$28.8M$26.3M$228.6M 990 PDF
FY2023 $209.9M$25.0M$184.9M$202.2M 990 PDF
FY2022 $28.0M$24.5M$3.5M$17.3M 990 PDF
FY2021 Viewing $25.9M$21.9M$4.0M$13.0M 990 PDF
FY2020 $22.7M$23.1M−$458K$9.0M 990 PDF

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Schedules filed Part IV

III · Programs R · Related orgs G · Fundraising L · Interested persons I · Grants A · Public support F · Foreign J · Pay O · Explanations
See the full FY2021 990 (6 parts)
Part I · Summary $25,926,114 revenue, 12 lines filed
I-8 Contributions and grantsPrior year $22,679,790$26,120,112
I-9 Program service revenuePrior year $0$0
I-10 Investment incomePrior year $369$273
I-11 Other revenuePrior year $57−$194,271
I-12 Total revenuePrior year $22,680,216$25,926,114
I-13 Grants and similar amounts paidPrior year $4,419,362$3,848,330
I-14 Benefits paid to membersPrior year $0$0
I-15 Salaries and benefitsPrior year $14,698,088$14,187,237
I-16a Professional fundraising feesPrior year $27,894$52,002
I-17 Other expensesPrior year $3,992,745$3,847,360
I-18 Total expensesPrior year $23,138,089$21,934,929
I-19 Revenue less expensesPrior year −$457,873$3,991,185
Part VI · Governance 17 of 18 board members independent, no flags
VI-1a Voting members of the governing body18
VI-1b Independent voting members17
VI-2 Family or business relationship among officers or directorsNo
VI-12a Written conflict of interest policyYes
VI-13 Written whistleblower policyYes
VI-14 Document retention and destruction policyYes
VI-15a Process for setting top official's payYes
Part VIII · Statement of revenue $25,926,114 across 8 lines filed
VIII-1c Fundraising events$256,283
VIII-1e Government grants$20,825,084
VIII-1f All other contributions, gifts and grants$5,038,745
VIII-1h Total contributions, gifts and grants$26,120,112
VIII-3 Investment incomeExcluded from tax $273$273
VIII-8 Net income from fundraising eventsExcluded from tax −$244,323−$244,323
VIII-11a-d Other revenue, itemized rows (sum of 11a–11d as filed)Excluded from tax $50,052$50,052
VIII-12 Total revenueRelated to mission $0 · Unrelated business $0 · Excluded from tax −$193,998$25,926,114
Part IX · Statement of functional expenses $21,934,929 across 22 lines filed
IX-1 Grants to domestic organizationsPrograms $2,855,300$2,855,300
IX-3 Grants and assistance to foreign recipientsPrograms $993,030$993,030
IX-5 Pay of current officers, directors and key staffPrograms $23,234 · Management $501,301 · Fundraising $6,638$531,173
IX-7 Other salaries and wagesPrograms $8,334,032 · Management $1,954,806 · Fundraising $181,018$10,469,856
IX-8 Pension plan contributionsPrograms $519,407 · Management $133,948 · Fundraising $6,220$659,575
IX-9 Other employee benefitsPrograms $1,122,383 · Management $501,038 · Fundraising $27,724$1,651,145
IX-10 Payroll taxesPrograms $671,404 · Management $189,628 · Fundraising $14,456$875,488
IX-11b Legal feesPrograms $28,248 · Management $10,817 · Fundraising $8,198$47,263
IX-11c Accounting feesManagement $66,521$66,521
IX-11e Professional fundraising feesFundraising $52,002$52,002
IX-11g Other fees for servicesPrograms $886,454 · Management $70,751 · Fundraising $7,734$964,939
IX-12 Advertising and promotionManagement $31,200$31,200
IX-13 Office expensesPrograms $71,450 · Management $104,598 · Fundraising $11,545$187,593
IX-14 Information technologyPrograms $17,097 · Management $189,503 · Fundraising $3,004$209,604
IX-16 OccupancyPrograms $6,793 · Management $654,055$660,848
IX-17 TravelPrograms $239,960 · Management $3,644 · Fundraising $2,206$245,810
IX-19 Conferences, conventions and meetingsPrograms $16,849 · Management $9,670$26,519
IX-20 InterestManagement $220$220
IX-22 Depreciation, depletion and amortizationPrograms $706,656 · Management $36,736$743,392
IX-23 InsurancePrograms $21,271 · Management $112,623 · Fundraising $224$134,118
IX-24 Other expenses (24a–d)Programs $382,970 · Management $115,196 · Fundraising $31,147$529,313
IX-24e All other expensesFundraising $20$20
IX-25 Total functional expensesPrograms $16,896,538 · Management $4,686,255 · Fundraising $352,136$21,934,929
Part X · Balance sheet $16,235,939 assets, 16 lines filed
Asset lines not itemized here account for $169,011; see the IRS return.
X-1 Cash, non-interest-bearingStart of year $3,967,522$2,876,171
X-2 Savings and temporary cash investmentsStart of year $253,357$252,839
X-3 Pledges and grants receivableStart of year $2,485,252$2,167,647
X-9 Prepaid expenses and deferred chargesStart of year $130,745$395,471
X-10c Land, buildings and equipment, netStart of year $7,070,251$9,107,210
X-12 Other securities$750,000
X-15 Other assetsStart of year $461,352$517,590
X-16 Total assetsStart of year $14,536,591$16,235,939
X-17 Accounts payable and accrued expensesStart of year $2,220,240$2,626,634
X-19 Deferred revenueStart of year $575,796$240,567
X-25 Other liabilitiesStart of year $2,780,968$388,832
X-26 Total liabilitiesStart of year $5,577,004$3,256,033
X-27 Net assets without donor restrictionsStart of year $6,277,170$10,522,049
X-28 Net assets with donor restrictionsStart of year $2,682,417$2,457,857
X-32 Total net assets or fund balancesStart of year $8,959,587$12,979,906
X-33 Total liabilities and net assetsStart of year $14,536,591$16,235,939
Part XI · Reconciliation of net assets $12,979,906 net assets at year end
XI-1 Total revenue$25,926,114
XI-2 Total expenses$21,934,929
XI-3 Revenue less expenses$3,991,185
XI-4 Net assets at start of year$8,959,587
XI-5 Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments−$626
XI-9 Other changes in net assets$29,760
XI-10 Net assets at end of year$12,979,906

Form 990 e-file (XML) FY2021 from the IRS · Classification, formation year and address from the IRS Business Master File

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