Dedicated to researching, preserving, practicing, and sharing the traditional and contemporary culture of the Abenaki people, through activities of the members of Elnu Abenaki tribe, a vermont state-recognized tribe under the provisions of 1 vsa chapter 23.

501(c)(3) charity; gifts are tax-deductible.
73¢ of each $1 spent went to programs.
$64K paid to officers and key staff.
Mission: Form 990 Part I, line 1 · Status: IRS Pub. 78 · Programs: Part IX · Pay: Part VII

Before you give

FY2023 · Form 990Independent: from IRS data, not the org
Download 990
IRS status
501(c)(3)
not on the IRS revocation list
Looks good: listed by the IRS and not on the revocation list.
IRS BMF · Auto-Revocation List
Tax-deductible gifts
Yes
Donations are tax-deductible
Looks good: the IRS lists gifts to it as deductible.
IRS Pub. 78 · IRS BMF
Latest return
FY2025
latest Form 990
Looks good: the latest return is for FY2025, 1 tax year back; within 2 tax years.
IRS e-file · Filing history
Surplus or deficit
4 of 4
filings with a surplus
Average surplus $129K a year · 53% of revenue · last 4 filings
Looks good: a surplus in 4 of the last 4 filings.
Pt I · Ln 19 · 4 filings
Spent on programs
73%
of spending
Fine: 73% of spending went to programs; 65% to 75%.
Pt IX · Ln 25 · col B
Pay to officers and key staff
$64K
to officers and key staff · 37% of spending
Concern: pay to officers and key staff is 37% of spending; over 30%.
Pt VII · Sec A
9 mo
of spending, in cash
Plus $180K in investments, Pt X · Ln 11–13
Looks good: 9.3 months of spending in cash; 3 or more.
Pt X · Ln 1–2 · Pt I · Ln 18
Named funders
3
named funders · $67K
Looks good: 3 funders name it on their filings; 3 or more.
Funders’ Sch. I, 990-PF
Liabilities
$4K
0.7% of total assets
Looks good: liabilities are 1% of assets; 50% or less.
Pt X · Ln 26
Independent board members
5
of 5 voting members
Looks good: 5 of 5 voting members are independent, a majority.
Pt VI · Ln 1a–1b
Looks goodFineWorth a lookConcernNo data yetTap a box for the reason.
Revenue
$206K
-51% vs prior year
Spent
$174K
To programs
73%
Net assets
$651K
By yearFY2022–FY2025
Revenue
$206K
FY2023▼ -51%
Tap a bar for its year
Revenue by fiscal year
FY2022$424K
FY2023$206K
FY2024$152K
FY2025$199K
Expenses
$174K
FY2023▲ ×28
Tap a bar for its year
Expenses by fiscal year
FY2022$6K
FY2023$174K
FY2024$146K
FY2025$138K
Net assets
$651K
FY2023▲ +50%
Tap a bar for its year
Net assets by fiscal year
FY2022$434K
FY2023$651K
FY2024$656K
FY2025$714K

From the FY2023 Form 990 · see the original

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You’re viewing the FY2023 filing — not the latest on file. See the latest (FY2025) →

Is it real?

Yes. Never revoked by the IRS. Latest filing on record: FY2025. IRS ruling in Jul 2020.

IRS Pub. 78 · IRS Auto-Revocation List · IRS Business Master File

Where the money goes

73 cents of each dollar spent went to programs.

Program services 73% · $127K Management & general 27% · $47K

Form 990 Part IX, line 25, columns B–D. Every line is in By the numbers.

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Who runs it and what they're paid

5 people listed on the 990; $64K paid to officers and key staff.

Part VII, Section A · reportable compensation
Secretary/Treas
$50,543Pt VII · Sec A
$13,429Pt VII · Sec A
President
$0Pt VII · Sec A
Vice President
$0Pt VII · Sec A
Director
$0Pt VII · Sec A

Roger Sheehan’s $80K as President is at the 75th percentile of top reported officer pay among 2216 $100K–1M arts & culture nonprofits. Peer set: organizations in the same NTEE major field of work and revenue-size band, compared on each org’s own highest-paid officer/key-employee, from Form 990 Part VII / 990-PF Part VIII. Descriptive placement, not a verdict on whether the pay is appropriate.

Compensation history total reportable pay by year · 3 named individuals · Part VII

NameFY2025FY2024FY2023
Roger Sheehan$79,892——
Richard Holschuh—$62,914$50,543
Melody Mackin——$13,429

Total reportable compensation (Form 990 Part VII column D / Schedule J column E) by filing year, matched by name within this organization. The Schedule J base / bonus / deferred breakdown is not parsed into this dataset.

See Elnu Abenaki Incorporated executive salaries →

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Questions the 990 asks

The form asks each of these directly. These are the filed answers.

  • Family or business ties among officersPt VI · Ln 2Yes
  • Top official's pay set by an independent reviewPt VI · Ln 15aNo

Programs and updates

Preserves and shares Abenaki culture through research and tribal activities.

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Provided by the organization

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1 program · $127K · in their own filed words · FY2023
01

Dedicated to researching, preserving, practicing, and sharing the traditional and contemporary culture of the abenaki people, through activities of the members of elnu abenaki tribe, a vermont state-recognized tribe under the provisions of 1 vsa chapter 23.

$127Kprogram expense

Funders

Who pays for it.

From grant filings on record. Receipts are incomplete: individual donors are never listed.

Grants

Schedule I · funders on record
Grants received · FY2024
Novo FoundationFY2024$40K
Total grants receivedfrom 3 funders$67K
See all 3 funders →

By the numbers

The FY2023 990, line by line.

1The main four
Money inPt VIII
$206K
Ln 12
Gifts and grantsLn 1h$200K
Investment incomeLn 3$5K
Other incomeLn 4–11$2K
Money outPt IX
$174K
Ln 25
Programscol B$127K
Managementcol C$47K
Owns and owesPt X
$651K
net assets · Ln 32
Cash and savingsLn 1–2$134K
Total assetsLn 16$655K
LiabilitiesLn 26$4K
PeoplePt VI, VII
5
listed · VII A
PaidVII A2
Voting boardVI 1a5
IndependentVI 1b5
2In more detail
Revenue in detailPt VIII
Gifts and grantsLn 1h$200K
Government grantsLn 1e$13K
Investment incomeLn 3$5K
Other incomeLn 4–11$2K
Gains on assetsLn 7$0
Total revenueLn 12$206K
Assets in detailPt X, end of year
CashLn 1$134K
SavingsLn 2$0
Cash and savings togetherLn 1–2$134K
InvestmentsLn 11–13$180K
Land, buildings, equipmentLn 10c$335K
Other assetsLn 15$0
Total assetsLn 16$655K
LiabilitiesLn 26$4K
Net assetsLn 32$651K
OperationsPt I, VI
EmployeesI 50
Fiscal year endsHeaderDecember
Conflict-of-interest policyVI 12aYes
Whistleblower policyVI 13No
Records policyVI 14No
3Year over year
Balance sheet, start vs end of yearPt X · col A, B
LineStart FY23End FY23
Cash and savingsLn 1–2$102K$134K
InvestmentsLn 11–13$180K
Land, buildings, equipmentLn 10c$332K$335K
Total assetsLn 16$434K$655K
LiabilitiesLn 26$0$4K
Net assetsLn 32$434K$651K
4Every line
Statement of functional expensesPt IX · every line
LineTotalProgramsManagementFundraising
Grants to domestic organizationsLn 1$0
Grants to domestic individualsLn 2$0
Grants and assistance to foreign recipientsLn 3$0
Benefits paid to or for membersLn 4$0
Pay of current officers, directors and key staffLn 5$64K$64K
Pay of disqualified personsLn 6$0
Other salaries and wagesLn 7$21K$21K
Pension plan contributionsLn 8$0
Other employee benefitsLn 9$57$57
Payroll taxesLn 10$7K$7K
Management feesLn 11a$0
Legal feesLn 11b$24K$13K$11K
Accounting feesLn 11c$595$595
Lobbying feesLn 11d$0
Professional fundraising feesLn 11e$0
Investment management feesLn 11f$0
Other fees for servicesLn 11g$0
Advertising and promotionLn 12$1K$1K
Office expensesLn 13$538$29$509
Information technologyLn 14$1K$64$1K
RoyaltiesLn 15$0
OccupancyLn 16$16K$16K
TravelLn 17$6K$700$6K
Travel and entertainment for public officialsLn 18$0
Conferences, conventions and meetingsLn 19$0
InterestLn 20$0
Payments to affiliatesLn 21$0
Depreciation, depletion and amortizationLn 22$3K$3K
InsuranceLn 23$2K$2K
Other expenses (24a–d)Ln 24$26K$22K$4K
All other expensesLn 24e$2K$204$1K
Total functional expensesLn 25$174K$127K$47K$0

Filing history

YearMoney inMoney outIn minus outNet assetsDownload
FY2025 Latest $199K$138K$61K$714K 990 PDF
FY2024 $152K$146K$6K$656K 990 PDF
FY2023 Viewing $206K$174K$32K$651K 990 PDF
FY2022 $424K$6K$418K$434K 990 PDF

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Schedules filed Part IV

III · Programs R · Related orgs G · Fundraising L · Interested persons I · Grants A · Public support O · Explanations
See the full FY2023 990 (6 parts)
Part I · Summary $206,488 revenue, 12 lines filed
I-8 Contributions and grantsPrior year $420,001$200,010
I-9 Program service revenue$0
I-10 Investment incomePrior year $53$4,585
I-11 Other revenuePrior year $4,387$1,893
I-12 Total revenuePrior year $424,441$206,488
I-13 Grants and similar amounts paid$0
I-14 Benefits paid to members$0
I-15 Salaries and benefits$91,707
I-16a Professional fundraising fees$0
I-17 Other expensesPrior year $6,211$82,330
I-18 Total expensesPrior year $6,211$174,037
I-19 Revenue less expensesPrior year $418,230$32,451
Part VI · Governance 5 of 5 board members independent, 4 to look at
VI-1a Voting members of the governing body5
VI-1b Independent voting members5
VI-2 Family or business relationship among officers or directorsYes
VI-13 Written whistleblower policyNo
VI-14 Document retention and destruction policyNo
VI-15a Process for setting top official's payNo
VI-12a Written conflict of interest policyYes
Part VIII · Statement of revenue $206,488 across 10 lines filed
VIII-1e Government grants$12,727
VIII-1f All other contributions, gifts and grants$187,283
VIII-1h Total contributions, gifts and grants$200,010
VIII-3 Investment incomeExcluded from tax $4,585$4,585
VIII-5 Royalties$0
VIII-6 Net rental income or lossExcluded from tax $1,693$1,693
VIII-7 Net gain or loss on sales of assets$0
VIII-8 Net income from fundraising events$0
VIII-11a-d Other revenue, itemized rows (sum of 11a–11d as filed)Related to mission $200$200
VIII-12 Total revenueRelated to mission $200 · Excluded from tax $6,278$206,488
Part IX · Statement of functional expenses $174,037 across 31 lines filed
IX-1 Grants to domestic organizations$0
IX-2 Grants to domestic individuals$0
IX-3 Grants and assistance to foreign recipients$0
IX-4 Benefits paid to or for members$0
IX-5 Pay of current officers, directors and key staffPrograms $63,972$63,972
IX-6 Pay of disqualified persons$0
IX-7 Other salaries and wagesPrograms $21,040$21,040
IX-8 Pension plan contributions$0
IX-9 Other employee benefitsManagement $57$57
IX-10 Payroll taxesPrograms $6,638$6,638
IX-11a Management fees$0
IX-11b Legal feesPrograms $12,779 · Management $11,492$24,271
IX-11c Accounting feesManagement $595$595
IX-11d Lobbying fees$0
IX-11f Investment management fees$0
IX-12 Advertising and promotionManagement $1,350$1,350
IX-13 Office expensesPrograms $29 · Management $509$538
IX-14 Information technologyPrograms $64 · Management $1,175$1,239
IX-15 Royalties$0
IX-16 OccupancyManagement $15,652$15,652
IX-17 TravelPrograms $700 · Management $5,576$6,276
IX-18 Travel and entertainment for public officials$0
IX-19 Conferences, conventions and meetings$0
IX-20 Interest$0
IX-21 Payments to affiliates$0
IX-22 Depreciation, depletion and amortizationManagement $2,951$2,951
IX-23 InsuranceManagement $2,121$2,121
IX-24 Other expenses (24a–d)Programs $21,870 · Management $3,829$25,699
IX-24e All other expensesPrograms $204 · Management $1,434$1,638
IX-25 Total functional expensesPrograms $127,296 · Management $46,741 · Fundraising $0$174,037
Part X · Balance sheet $654,967 assets, 19 lines filed
X-1 Cash, non-interest-bearingStart of year $102,266$134,475
X-2 Savings and temporary cash investments$0
X-3 Pledges and grants receivable$6,135
X-4 Accounts receivable$0
X-8 Inventories for sale or use$0
X-9 Prepaid expenses and deferred charges$0
X-10c Land, buildings and equipment, netStart of year $332,002$334,832
X-11 Publicly traded securities$179,525
X-12 Other securities$0
X-13 Program-related investments$0
X-14 Intangible assets$0
X-15 Other assets$0
X-16 Total assetsStart of year $434,268$654,967
X-17 Accounts payable and accrued expenses$4,438
X-26 Total liabilitiesStart of year $0$4,438
X-27 Net assets without donor restrictionsStart of year $365,760$577,954
X-28 Net assets with donor restrictionsStart of year $68,508$72,575
X-32 Total net assets or fund balancesStart of year $434,268$650,529
X-33 Total liabilities and net assetsStart of year $434,268$654,967
Part XI · Reconciliation of net assets $650,529 net assets at year end
XI-1 Total revenue$206,488
XI-2 Total expenses$174,037
XI-3 Revenue less expenses$32,451
XI-4 Net assets at start of year$434,268
XI-9 Other changes in net assets$183,810
XI-10 Net assets at end of year$650,529

Form 990 e-file (XML) FY2023 from the IRS · Classification, formation year and address from the IRS Business Master File

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