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Advocates INC EIN 23-7451423

Advocates INC

EIN  23-7451423 Public charity (501(c)(3)) Framingham, MA Founded 1975
Form 990 (PDF) Compare with another nonprofit →
Verified accurate 7/4/26 · see original filing: IRS
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Size
$100M+
What they do
Partners with people to create solutions for life's challenges, helping them thrive.
Leadership
Diane Gould · President/CEO · $357K
Money in and out
$235.6M revenue, $226.6M expenses
Bottom line
89% program efficiency

Partners with people to create solutions for life's challenges, helping them thrive. For fiscal year 2024 it reported $235.6M in revenue, $226.6M in expenses, and $68.3M in net assets.Pt I

Where the money goes · FY2024
Total revenue
$235.6M
Pt VIII · Ln 12
Total expenses
$226.6M
Pt IX · Ln 25
Net assets
$68.3M
Pt X · Ln 32
Revenue less expenses (Pt I · Ln 19): $9.0M
Where spending went · Part IX cols B–D
Program services $0.89 Management & general $0.11 Fundraising $0.00
Program efficiency
89%
of spending reaches programs▲ +8% vs prior filing year
Operating runway
2.1mo
months of highly liquid reserves at operating expense rate▲ +50% vs prior filing year
Surplus margin
+4%
revenue over expenses, this year▲ +386% vs prior filing year

Summary of the Filing

Part I · fiscal year 2024 · Form 990
Revenue
$235.6M
FY2024▲ +47%
Expenses
$226.6M
FY2024▲ +39%
Total assets
$123.8M
FY2024▲ +51%
Total liabilities
$55.5M
FY2024▲ +37%
Total revenue
$235.6M
Pt VIII · Ln 12
Total expenses
$226.6M
Pt IX · Ln 25
Net assets
$68.3M
Pt X · Ln 32
Revenue less expensesPt I · Ln 19$9.0M
Total assetsPt X · Ln 16$123.8M
Program-expense ratioPt IX · col B89%
Voting members of governing bodyPt I · Ln 317
Independent voting membersPt I · Ln 417
Mission & Programs · Part III

Where the work happens

3 program services account for $200.8M of program spending, described in the organization's own filed words · FY2024.
01

Developmental Disabilities

Operated residential and day programs that helped people with developmental disabilities or other challenges in living. During the year the agency delivered services and support to approximately 1735 individuals through 109 different program locations.

$92.0Mprogram expense
02

Behavioral Health

Operated residential and outreach programs that helped people with psychiatric illness, substance abuse and other challenges in living. During the year the agency delivered services to approximately 50,075 individuals through 75 different program locations.

$85.9Mprogram expense
03

Adult Family Care

Provides support and oversight for individuals providing care to family members with disabilities or who are elderly. The program provided support to approximately 9,752 individuals and families through 11 program locations.

$22.8Mprogram expense

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Identity & Classification

Form 990 Header · IRS Business Master File
Legal nameHdr · item CAdvocates INC
EINHdr · item D23-7451423
Principal addressHdr · item CFramingham, MA
WebsiteHdr · item Jwww.advocates.org
Year of formationHdr · item L1975
State of legal domicileHdr · item MMA
Exempt statusHdr · item I501(c)(3) · active
NTEE classificationIRS BMFMental Health (F320)
Ruling yearIRS BMFNov 1975

Governance & Policies

Part VI
Voting members of the governing bodyPt VI · Ln 1a17
Independent voting membersPt VI · Ln 1b17
Conflict-of-interest policyPt VI · Ln 12aYes
Whistleblower policyPt VI · Ln 13Yes
Document retention policyPt VI · Ln 14No
CEO/top-official compensation independently reviewedPt VI · Ln 15aYes
Family or business relationships among officers/directorsPt VI · Ln 2No

Officers, Directors & Key Employees

Part VII, Section A · reportable compensation
Diane Gould
President/CEO
$357,178Pt VII · Sec A
$329,822Pt VII · Sec A
$327,445Pt VII · Sec A
$309,755Pt VII · Sec A
Robert Johnston
Psychiatrist
$292,153Pt VII · Sec A
$260,245Pt VII · Sec A
Robert Karr
Psychiatrist
$232,852Pt VII · Sec A
Janine Taylor
SVP & Chro
$227,555Pt VII · Sec A

Diane Gould’s $357K as President/CEO is at the 25th percentile of top reported officer pay among 76 $100M+ mental health nonprofits. Peer set: organizations in the same NTEE major field of work and revenue-size band, compared on each org’s own highest-paid officer/key-employee, from Form 990 Part VII / 990-PF Part VIII. Descriptive placement, not a verdict on whether the pay is appropriate.

Compensation history total reportable pay by year · 8 named individuals · Part VII

NameFY2024FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020
Diane Gould$357,178$324,733$317,884$317,884$320,084$309,035
Mark Viron$329,822$319,747$281,005$281,005$255,367$231,114
Keith Neal$327,445$299,664$243,988$243,988$211,394$207,714
Regina Marshall$309,755$299,664$240,611$240,611$204,363$193,810
Robert Johnston$292,153$271,998$256,681$256,681$229,884$226,093
Robert Karr$232,852$236,223$265,127$265,127$232,269$228,676
Jeffrey Keilson$260,245$254,943$249,915$249,915$237,518$234,012
Anne Parker—$245,520$225,494$225,494$210,323$198,359

Total reportable compensation (Form 990 Part VII column D / Schedule J column E) by filing year, matched by name within this organization. The Schedule J base / bonus / deferred breakdown is not parsed into this dataset.

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Statement of Revenue

Part VIII
Program service revenue$224.0M · 95%
Contributions & grants$6.0M · 3%
Other revenue$4.1M · 2%
Investment income$1.6M · 1%
Program service revenue95%$224.0M
Contributions & grants3%$6.0M
Other revenue2%$4.1M
Investment income1%$1.6M
— government grantsLn 1e$4.7M
Total revenueLn 12$235.6M

Statement of Functional Expenses

Part IX · allocated across program, management, and fundraising
Allocation · columns B–D
Program services $0.89 Management & general $0.11 Fundraising $0.00
Program services89%$200.8M
Management & general11%$25.4M
Fundraising$446K
Total functional expensesLn 25$226.6M

Balance Sheet

Part X · end of year
CashLn 1$29.2M
Total assetsLn 16$123.8M
Total liabilitiesLn 26$55.5M
Total net assetsLn 32$68.3M
Months of cash on handcomputed1.5

Financial Metrics

Form 990 · FY2024 · each ratio shown with the dollars behind it
Liquidity & Payout
Operating runway
Highly liquid reserves $39.1M · Operating expenses (Pt IX) $226.6M · Less non-cash grants $6K · Cash operating expenses/yr $226.6M
2.1 months
Where the money goes
Program services
Program services $200.8M · Total expenses $226.6M
89%
Management & General
Management & general $25.4M · Total expenses $226.6M
11%
Fundraising
Fundraising $446K · Total expenses $226.6M
0%
Cost to raise $1
Fundraising expense (3-yr avg) $515K · Solicited contributions (3-yr avg) $1.8M
$0.29 to raise $1 (3-yr avg)
Where the money comes from
Contribution dependence
Contributions & grants $6.0M · Total revenue $235.6M
3%
Government reliance
Government grants $4.7M · Total revenue $235.6M
2%
Earned-income share
Program service revenue $224.0M · Total revenue $235.6M
95%
Investment reliance
Investment income $1.6M · Total revenue $235.6M
+1%
Program self-sufficiency
Program service revenue $224.0M · Total expenses $226.6M
99%
Growth & trend
Revenue growth (YoY)
This year $235.6M · Prior year $160.4M
+47%
Revenue CAGR
FY2019 $110.1M · FY2024 $235.6M
+16%
Net-asset trend (YoY)
End of year $68.3M · Beginning of year —
Beginning net assets not meaningfully positive — showing dollar change
Balance sheet
Surplus Margin
Revenue $235.6M · Expenses $226.6M
+4%
Liabilities-to-Assets
Total liabilities — · Total assets $123.8M
—
Net-asset ratio
Net assets $68.3M · Total assets $123.8M
55%
Marketable Investment Share
Publicly traded securities (Pt X, ln 11) $9.9M · Other securities (Pt X, ln 12) — · Total assets (Pt X, ln 16) $123.8M
8%
People & payroll
Highest Reported Total Compensation
Individual Diane Gould · Reported title PRESIDENT/CEO · Highest reported compensation $357K · Total expenses $226.6M
0%
Personnel share
Salaries, benefits & payroll (Pt IX 5-10) $164.5M · Total expenses $226.6M
73%
Peer comparison

Same NTEE category, revenue band, and state where available. Descriptive — not a grade.

MetricThis orgPeer medianPercentile
Program ratio 89%——
Overhead ratio 11%——
Fundraising cost ratio 7%——
Revenue growth 47%——

Straight from the Form 990 — descriptive, not an evaluation. A ratio is hidden when its base is zero or too small to be meaningful; the dollars are always shown.

Grants

Schedule I · received and paid
Grants received · FY2025
Community Foundation for Metrowest INCFY2025$65K
The Parmenter Foundation INCFY2025$25K
Total grants receivedfrom 2 funders$90K
Grants paid · 6 grants · $179K · 2019–2024
Unitemized GrantFY2024$18,864
Unitemized GrantFY2023$19,748
Unitemized GrantFY2022$37,480
Unitemized GrantFY2021$37,686
Unitemized GrantFY2020$46,490
Unitemized GrantFY2019$18,790

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Filings & Schedule Manifest

Part IV
III · Programs I · Grants R · Related orgs G · Fundraising L · Interested persons A · Public support F · Foreign M · Noncash
FY2024$160.4M revenue · ⤓ 990 PDF
FY2023$147.5M revenue · ⤓ 990 PDF
FY2022$134.1M revenue · ⤓ 990 PDF
FY2021$121.4M revenue · ⤓ 990 PDF
FY2020$110.1M revenue · ⤓ 990 PDF

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Sources

Every figure above is drawn from these filings
Form 990 e-file (XML) · FY2024IRS
Classification, formation year, addressIRS Business Master File
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