Is it real?
Yes. Never revoked by the IRS. Latest filing on record: FY2025. IRS ruling in Sep 1969.
IRS Pub. 78 · IRS Auto-Revocation List · IRS Business Master File
Where the money goes
88 cents of each dollar spent went to programs.
Form 990 Part IX, line 25, columns B–D. Every line is in By the numbers.
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Who runs it and what they're paid
57 people listed on the 990; $5.8M paid to officers and key staff.
Frederic D Krupp’s $1.2M as President is at the 89th percentile of top reported officer pay among 18 $100M+ environment nonprofits. Peer set: organizations in the same NTEE major field of work and revenue-size band, compared on each org’s own highest-paid officer/key-employee, from Form 990 Part VII / 990-PF Part VIII. Descriptive placement, not a verdict on whether the pay is appropriate.
Compensation history total reportable pay by year · 8 named individuals · Part VII
| Name | FY2025 | FY2024 | FY2023 | FY2022 | FY2021 | FY2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frederic D Krupp | $1,167,858 | $1,238,682 | — | — | — | $727,297 |
| Fredric Krupp | — | — | $1,134,624 | $826,020 | $818,157 | — |
| Amanda Leland | $625,826 | $629,295 | $534,764 | $480,326 | $452,632 | $412,097 |
| Jessica Issacs Thru 819 | — | — | — | — | — | $587,539 |
| Catherine Nardonethru 1223 | — | $554,272 | — | — | — | — |
| Catherine Nardone | — | — | $542,230 | $518,535 | $515,708 | $491,450 |
| Jay Knott Thru 1223 | — | $511,819 | — | — | — | — |
| Daniel Dudek | — | — | — | — | $503,348 | — |
Total reportable compensation (Form 990 Part VII column D / Schedule J column E) by filing year, matched by name within this organization. The Schedule J base / bonus / deferred breakdown is not parsed into this dataset.
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Questions the 990 asks
The form asks each of these directly. These are the filed answers.
- Family or business ties among officersPt VI · Ln 2No
- Top official's pay set by an independent reviewPt VI · Ln 15aYes
Programs and updates
Combines science, economics, and corporate partnerships to find practical, lasting solutions to urgent global environmental problems and climate change.
Questions for Environmental Defense Fund Incorporated
Your first name shows with your question. Environmental Defense Fund Incorporated answers here, for everyone.
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Protect Public Health and the Environment
In fy 2025, edf relied on data from the methanesat satellite and methaneair flights to provide the first comprehensive global look at how much methane is being emitted by oil and gas producers.
Core Capacities and Education
In fy 2025, edf delivered results across our core capacities, including corporate engagement, economics and science. Edf worked with three new corporate members into the dairy methane action alliance to reduce methane emissions across dairy supply chains.
Strengthen People's and Nature's Ability to Thrive
In fy 2025, edf made progress on resilient water supplies in california, colorado, new mexico and texas. Edf advanced policy and management recommendations for fisheries, helping to strengthen conservation efforts, improve regulation of fishing practices and modernize governance.
Funders
Who pays for it.
From grant filings on record. Receipts are incomplete: individual donors are never listed.
Grants
By the numbers
The FY2025 990, line by line.
Download 990
| Line | Start FY25 | End FY25 |
|---|---|---|
| Cash and savingsLn 1–2 | $77.8M | $157.0M |
| InvestmentsLn 11–13 | $46.1M | $103.0M |
| Land, buildings, equipmentLn 10c | $79.2M | $7.7M |
| Total assetsLn 16 | $391.7M | $520.4M |
| LiabilitiesLn 26 | $91.9M | $133.7M |
| Net assetsLn 32 | $299.8M | $386.7M |
| Line | Total | Programs | Management | Fundraising |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grants to domestic organizationsLn 1 | $41.9M | $41.9M | ||
| Grants and assistance to foreign recipientsLn 3 | $9.7M | $9.7M | ||
| Benefits paid to or for membersLn 4 | $0 | $0 | ||
| Pay of current officers, directors and key staffLn 5 | $2.8M | $2.3M | $189K | $312K |
| Other salaries and wagesLn 7 | $103.7M | $85.2M | $7.0M | $11.5M |
| Pension plan contributionsLn 8 | $6.7M | $5.5M | $441K | $732K |
| Other employee benefitsLn 9 | $11.5M | $9.8M | $608K | $1.1M |
| Payroll taxesLn 10 | $9.0M | $7.5M | $598K | $993K |
| Legal feesLn 11b | $3.7M | $3.4M | $99K | $138K |
| Accounting feesLn 11c | $173K | $162K | $5K | $7K |
| Lobbying feesLn 11d | $20K | $0 | $20K | $0 |
| Professional fundraising feesLn 11e | $28K | $28K | ||
| Other fees for servicesLn 11g | $40.4M | $37.8M | $1.1M | $1.5M |
| Advertising and promotionLn 12 | $6.2M | $4.5M | $778K | $994K |
| Office expensesLn 13 | $11.9M | $7.2M | $2.1M | $2.7M |
| OccupancyLn 16 | $6.0M | $2.6M | $1.5M | $1.9M |
| TravelLn 17 | $6.5M | $6.0M | $214K | $300K |
| Conferences, conventions and meetingsLn 19 | $6.8M | $5.7M | $498K | $636K |
| Depreciation, depletion and amortizationLn 22 | $14.0M | $13.3M | $311K | $398K |
| InsuranceLn 23 | $1.6M | $1.4M | $101K | $129K |
| Other expenses (24a–d)Ln 24 | $73.4M | $70.5M | $1.2M | $1.6M |
| All other expensesLn 24e | $810K | $503K | $135K | $172K |
| Total functional expensesLn 25 | $356.8M | $314.7M | $16.9M | $25.2M |
Filing history
| Year | Money in | Money out | In minus out | Net assets | Download |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2025 Latest Viewing | $443.3M | $356.8M | $86.5M | $386.7M | 990 PDF |
| FY2024 | $298.7M | $295.8M | $2.9M | $299.8M | 990 PDF |
| FY2023 | $247.1M | $326.5M | −$79.4M | $290.7M | 990 PDF |
| FY2022 | $284.8M | $272.8M | $12.0M | $361.6M | 990 PDF |
| FY2021 | $365.1M | $216.0M | $149.1M | $364.5M | 990 PDF |
| FY2020 | $200.6M | $195.8M | $4.8M | $213.4M | 990 PDF |
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Schedules filed Part IV
See the full FY2025 990 (6 parts)
Part I · Summary $443,267,772 revenue, 12 lines filed
Part VI · Governance 42 of 42 board members independent, no flags
Part VIII · Statement of revenue $443,267,772 across 11 lines filed
Part IX · Statement of functional expenses $356,751,950 across 22 lines filed
Part X · Balance sheet $520,426,832 assets, 19 lines filed
Part XI · Reconciliation of net assets $386,679,591 net assets at year end
Form 990 e-file (XML) FY2025 from the IRS · Classification, formation year and address from the IRS Business Master File
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