Space Frontier Foundation INC FY2023 filing

Tax-deductible

Washington, DC501(c)(3)Science & TechnologyEIN 13-3542980Revenue $25K in FY2023

On file with the IRSspacefrontier.org1455 Pennsylvania Ave Nw Ste 400, 20004-1017 · Washington, DCTax-exempt since Nov 1990Publicly supported charity — 170(b)(1)(A)(vi)

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Education of the public on issues of space exploration, development and settlement, and the development and settlement of space by nongovernmental means.

501(c)(3) charity; gifts are tax-deductible.
47¢ of each $1 spent went to programs.
$2K paid to officers and key staff.
Mission: Form 990 Part I, line 1 · Status: IRS Pub. 78 · Programs: Part IX · Pay: Part VII

Before you give

FY2023 · Form 990Independent: from IRS data, not the org
Download 990
IRS status
501(c)(3)
not on the IRS revocation list
Looks good: listed by the IRS and not on the revocation list.
IRS BMF · Auto-Revocation List
Tax-deductible gifts
Yes
Donations are tax-deductible
Looks good: the IRS lists gifts to it as deductible.
IRS Pub. 78 · IRS BMF
Latest return
FY2024
latest Form 990
Looks good: the latest return is for FY2024, 2 tax years back; within 2 tax years.
IRS e-file · Filing history
Surplus or deficit
0 of 2
filings with a surplus
Average deficit $126K a year · 169% of revenue · last 2 filings
Concern: a surplus in 0 of the last 2 filings.
Pt I · Ln 19 · 2 filings
Spent on programs
47%
of spending
Concern: 47% of spending went to programs; under 50%.
Pt IX · Ln 25 · col B
Pay to officers and key staff
$2K
to officers and key staff · 1% of spending
Looks good: pay to officers and key staff is 1% of spending; 15% or less.
Pt VII · Sec A
Cash reserves
30 mo
of spending, in cash
Looks good: 29.5 months of spending in cash; 3 or more.
Pt X · Ln 1–2 · Pt I · Ln 18
Named funders
1
named funder · $6
Fine: 1 funder names it on their filings; under 3.
Funders’ Sch. I, 990-PF
Liabilities
$0
0% of total assets
Looks good: liabilities are 0% of assets; 50% or less.
Pt X · Ln 26
Independent board members
250
of 250 voting members
Looks good: 250 of 250 voting members are independent, a majority.
Pt VI · Ln 1a–1b
Looks goodFineWorth a lookConcernNo data yetTap a box for the reason.
Revenue
$25K
Spent
$186K
To programs
47%
Net assets
$458K
By yearFY2023–FY2024
Revenue
$25K
FY2023
Tap a bar for its year
Revenue by fiscal year
FY2023$25K
FY2024$123K
Expenses
$186K
FY2023
Tap a bar for its year
Expenses by fiscal year
FY2023$186K
FY2024$213K
Net assets
$458K
FY2023
Tap a bar for its year
Net assets by fiscal year
FY2023$458K
FY2024$368K

From the FY2023 Form 990 · see the original

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You’re viewing the FY2023 filing — not the latest on file. See the latest (FY2024) →

Is it real?

Yes. Exemption reinstated (2022-05-15). Per the IRS revocation list. Latest filing on record: FY2024. IRS ruling in Nov 1990.

IRS Pub. 78 · IRS Auto-Revocation List · IRS Business Master File

Where the money goes

47 cents of each dollar spent went to programs.

Program services 47% · $88K Management & general 53% · $99K

Form 990 Part IX, line 25, columns B–D. Every line is in By the numbers.

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Who runs it and what they're paid

9 people listed on the 990; $2K paid to officers and key staff.

Part VII, Section A · reportable compensation
Board Chair
$2,000Pt VII · Sec A
Director
$0Pt VII · Sec A
Director
$0Pt VII · Sec A
$0Pt VII · Sec A
Director
$0Pt VII · Sec A
$0Pt VII · Sec A
Director
$0Pt VII · Sec A
$0Pt VII · Sec A

Aaron Oesterle’s $42K as Director is at the 28th percentile of top reported officer pay among 312 $100K–1M science & technology nonprofits. Peer set: organizations in the same NTEE major field of work and revenue-size band, compared on each org’s own highest-paid officer/key-employee, from Form 990 Part VII / 990-PF Part VIII. Descriptive placement, not a verdict on whether the pay is appropriate.

Compensation history total reportable pay by year · 2 named individuals · Part VII

NameFY2024FY2023
Aaron Oesterle$41,500—
Sean Mahoney$20,000$2,000

Total reportable compensation (Form 990 Part VII column D / Schedule J column E) by filing year, matched by name within this organization. The Schedule J base / bonus / deferred breakdown is not parsed into this dataset.

See Space Frontier Foundation INC executive salaries →

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Questions the 990 asks

The form asks each of these directly. These are the filed answers.

  • Family or business ties among officersPt VI · Ln 2No
  • Top official's pay set by an independent reviewPt VI · Ln 15aNo

Programs and updates

Promotes public understanding of space exploration and non-governmental settlement.

Provided by the organization

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3 programs · $88K · in their own filed words · FY2023
01

Climate Change Consortium

$63Kprogram expense
02

Political Advocacy

$16Kprogram expense
03

Commercial Space Pioneers Podcast

$9Kprogram expense

Funders

Who pays for it.

From grant filings on record. Receipts are incomplete: individual donors are never listed.

Grants

Schedule I · received and paid
Grants received · FY2023
Total grants receivedfrom 1 funder$6
Grants paid · 2 grants · $71K · 2023–2024
Beyond Earth InstituteFY2024$7,500
The Futures Forum INCMD · FY2023$63,221

By the numbers

The FY2023 990, line by line.

1The main four
Money inPt VIII
$25K
Ln 12
Investment incomeLn 3$23K
Gifts and grantsLn 1h$857
Fees for servicesLn 2g$549
Money outPt IX
$186K
Ln 25
Programscol B$88K
Managementcol C$99K
Owns and owesPt X
$458K
net assets · Ln 32
Cash and savingsLn 1–2$458K
Total assetsLn 16$458K
LiabilitiesLn 26$0
PeoplePt VI, VII
9
listed · VII A
PaidVII A1
Voting boardVI 1a250
IndependentVI 1b250
2In more detail
Revenue in detailPt VIII
Gifts and grantsLn 1h$857
Fees for servicesLn 2g$549
Investment incomeLn 3$23K
Total revenueLn 12$25K
Assets in detailPt X, end of year
CashLn 1$45K
SavingsLn 2$413K
Cash and savings togetherLn 1–2$458K
Total assetsLn 16$458K
LiabilitiesLn 26$0
Net assetsLn 32$458K
OperationsPt I, VI
EmployeesI 50
VolunteersI 615
Fiscal year endsHeaderDecember
Conflict-of-interest policyVI 12aNo
Whistleblower policyVI 13No
Records policyVI 14No
3Year over year
Balance sheet, start vs end of yearPt X · col A, B
LineStart FY23End FY23
Cash and savingsLn 1–2$620K$458K
Total assetsLn 16$620K$458K
LiabilitiesLn 26$0$0
Net assetsLn 32$620K$458K
4Every line
Statement of functional expensesPt IX · every line
LineTotalProgramsManagementFundraising
Grants to domestic organizationsLn 1$63K$63K
Pay of current officers, directors and key staffLn 5$2K$2K
Other salaries and wagesLn 7$36K$24K$12K
Accounting feesLn 11c$37K$37K
Other fees for servicesLn 11g$27K$27K
Advertising and promotionLn 12$12K$12K
TravelLn 17$8K$8K
InsuranceLn 23$995$995
Total functional expensesLn 25$186K$88K$99K$0

Filing history

YearMoney inMoney outIn minus outNet assetsDownload
FY2024 Latest $123K$213K−$90K$368K 990 PDF
FY2023 Viewing $25K$186K−$162K$458K 990 PDF

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Schedules filed Part IV

III · Programs I · Grants R · Related orgs G · Fundraising L · Interested persons A · Public support F · Foreign M · Noncash
See the full FY2023 990 (6 parts)
Part I · Summary $24,904 revenue, 12 lines filed
I-8 Contributions and grantsPrior year $802$857
I-9 Program service revenuePrior year $56,695$549
I-10 Investment incomePrior year $7$23,498
I-11 Other revenuePrior year $19$0
I-12 Total revenuePrior year $57,523$24,904
I-13 Grants and similar amounts paidPrior year $66,495$63,221
I-14 Benefits paid to members$0
I-15 Salaries and benefits$37,998
I-16a Professional fundraising fees$0
I-17 Other expensesPrior year $270,007$85,204
I-18 Total expensesPrior year $336,502$186,423
I-19 Revenue less expensesPrior year −$278,979−$161,519
Part VI · Governance 250 of 250 board members independent, 4 to look at
VI-1a Voting members of the governing body250
VI-1b Independent voting members250
VI-12a Written conflict of interest policyNo
VI-13 Written whistleblower policyNo
VI-14 Document retention and destruction policyNo
VI-15a Process for setting top official's payNo
VI-2 Family or business relationship among officers or directorsNo
Part VIII · Statement of revenue $24,904 across 5 lines filed
VIII-1f All other contributions, gifts and grants$857
VIII-1h Total contributions, gifts and grants$857
VIII-2a-f Program service revenue, itemized rows (sum of 2a–2f as filed)Related to mission $549$549
VIII-3 Investment incomeRelated to mission $23,498$23,498
VIII-12 Total revenueRelated to mission $24,047 · Unrelated business $0 · Excluded from tax $0$24,904
Part IX · Statement of functional expenses $186,423 across 8 lines filed
IX-1 Grants to domestic organizationsPrograms $63,221$63,221
IX-5 Pay of current officers, directors and key staffManagement $2,000$2,000
IX-7 Other salaries and wagesPrograms $24,491 · Management $11,507$35,998
IX-11c Accounting feesManagement $37,146$37,146
IX-11g Other fees for servicesManagement $26,832$26,832
IX-12 Advertising and promotionManagement $12,000$12,000
IX-17 TravelManagement $8,231$8,231
IX-23 InsuranceManagement $995$995
IX-25 Total functional expensesPrograms $87,712 · Management $98,711 · Fundraising $0$186,423
Part X · Balance sheet $458,288 assets, 7 lines filed
X-1 Cash, non-interest-bearingStart of year $119,809$44,799
X-2 Savings and temporary cash investmentsStart of year $500,000$413,491
X-4 Accounts receivableStart of year −$2−$2
X-16 Total assetsStart of year $619,807$458,288
X-26 Total liabilitiesStart of year $0$0
X-32 Total net assets or fund balancesStart of year $619,807$458,288
X-33 Total liabilities and net assetsStart of year $619,807$458,288
Part XI · Reconciliation of net assets $458,288 net assets at year end
XI-1 Total revenue$24,904
XI-2 Total expenses$186,423
XI-3 Revenue less expenses−$161,519
XI-4 Net assets at start of year$619,807
XI-9 Other changes in net assets$0
XI-10 Net assets at end of year$458,288

Form 990 e-file (XML) FY2023 from the IRS · Classification, formation year and address from the IRS Business Master File

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