Yale University

Tax-deductible

New Haven, CT501(c)(3)Since 1701Colleges & UniversitiesEIN 06-0646973

501(c)(3) charity; gifts are tax-deductible.
87¢ of each $1 spent went to programs.
Run by 15,000 volunteers and 35,714 employees.
Status: IRS Pub. 78 · Programs: Part IX · People: Part I, lines 5–6

Before you give

FY2024 · Form 990Independent: from IRS data, not the org
Download 990
IRS status
501(c)(3)
not on the IRS revocation list
Looks good: listed by the IRS and not on the revocation list.
IRS BMF · Auto-Revocation List
Tax-deductible gifts
Yes
Donations are tax-deductible
Looks good: the IRS lists gifts to it as deductible.
IRS Pub. 78 · IRS BMF
Latest return
FY2024
latest Form 990
Looks good: the latest return is for FY2024, 2 tax years back; within 2 tax years.
IRS e-file · Filing history
Surplus or deficit
5 of 5
filings with a surplus
Average surplus $1.5B a year · 23% of revenue · last 5 filings
Looks good: a surplus in 5 of the last 5 filings.
Pt I · Ln 19 · 5 filings
Spent on programs
87%
of spending
Looks good: 87% of spending went to programs; 75% or more.
Pt IX · Ln 25 · col B
Pay to officers and key staff
$30.5M
to officers and key staff · 0.5% of spending
Top officer’s pay higher than 96% of similar orgs
Looks good: pay to officers and key staff is 0% of spending; 15% or less.
Pt VII · Sec A
Cash reserves
1 mo
of spending, in cash
Fine: 1.4 months of spending in cash; 1 to 3.
Pt X · Ln 1–2 · Pt I · Ln 18
Named funders
34
named funders · $8.2M
Looks good: 34 funders name it on their filings; 3 or more.
Funders’ Sch. I, 990-PF
Liabilities
$10.5B
18% of total assets
Looks good: liabilities are 18% of assets; 50% or less.
Pt X · Ln 26
Independent board members
16
of 17 voting members
Looks good: 16 of 17 voting members are independent, a majority.
Pt VI · Ln 1a–1b
Looks goodFineWorth a lookConcernNo data yetTap a box for the reason.
Revenue
$8.5B
+24% vs prior year
Spent
$6.7B
To programs
87%
Net assets
$48.5B
By yearFY2020–FY2024
Revenue
$8.5B
FY2024▲ +24%
Revenue by fiscal year
FY2020$5.6B
FY2021$7.6B
FY2022$7.4B
FY2023$6.3B
FY2024$6.8B
FY2024$8.5B
Expenses
$6.7B
FY2024▲ +8%
Expenses by fiscal year
FY2020$4.6B
FY2021$4.7B
FY2022$5.1B
FY2023$5.6B
FY2024$6.2B
FY2024$6.7B
Net assets
$48.5B
FY2024▲ +7%
Net assets by fiscal year
FY2020$31.0B
FY2021$43.4B
FY2022$43.8B
FY2023$43.9B
FY2024$45.2B
FY2024$48.5B

From the FY2024 Form 990 · see the original

Give Claim

Is it real?

Yes. Never revoked by the IRS. Latest filing on record: FY2024. IRS ruling in Oct 1992.

IRS Pub. 78 · IRS Auto-Revocation List · IRS Business Master File

Where the money goes

87 cents of each dollar spent went to programs.

Program services 87% · $5.8B Management & general 11% · $759.7M Fundraising 1% · $97.5M

Form 990 Part IX, line 25, columns B–D. Every line is in By the numbers.

Who runs it and what they're paid

39 people listed on the 990; $30.5M paid to officers and key staff.

Part VII, Section A · reportable compensation
SR Director of Finance
$4,102,577Pt VII · Sec A
President (through 6/30/24)
$3,921,313Pt VII · Sec A
Director, Investments
$3,087,594Pt VII · Sec A
Chief Investment Officer
$2,736,107Pt VII · Sec A
SR Director of Private Equity
$2,347,383Pt VII · Sec A
Managing Director, Investments
$1,862,086Pt VII · Sec A
Former SR Director, Investments
$1,603,495Pt VII · Sec A
Dean, School of Medicine
$1,203,172Pt VII · Sec A

Alexander C Banker’s $4.1M as SR Director of Finance is at the 96th percentile of top reported officer pay among 674 $100M+ education nonprofits. Peer set: organizations in the same NTEE major field of work and revenue-size band, compared on each org’s own highest-paid officer/key-employee, from Form 990 Part VII / 990-PF Part VIII. Descriptive placement, not a verdict on whether the pay is appropriate.

Compensation history total reportable pay by year · 8 named individuals · Part VII

NameFY2024FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020
David F Swensen———$6,646,375$4,444,002$7,542,474
Alexander C Banker$4,102,577$1,607,501$1,430,489$1,280,537——
Peter Salovey$3,921,313$2,335,529$2,209,809$2,160,396$1,845,366$1,810,684
Dean J Takahashi$1,603,495$540,712$529,770$357,443$2,233,134$3,371,207
Carrie Abildgaard$3,087,594—————
Matthew S T Mendelsohn$2,736,107$2,320,131$1,704,888$1,236,196——
Timothy R Sullivan$2,347,383$2,057,602$1,849,321$1,674,745$1,531,236$1,491,074
Alan Forman——$1,906,869$1,542,843—$1,340,488

Total reportable compensation (Form 990 Part VII column D / Schedule J column E) by filing year, matched by name within this organization. The Schedule J base / bonus / deferred breakdown is not parsed into this dataset.

See Yale University executive salaries →

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Questions the 990 asks

The form asks each of these directly. These are the filed answers.

  • Family or business ties among officersPt VI · Ln 2No
  • Top official's pay set by an independent reviewPt VI · Ln 15aYes
  • Loans to or from officersSch L · Pt II1 listed

Programs and updates

Advances global knowledge and trains future innovators through extensive academic research, world-class education, and the preservation of scientific and cultural discoveries.

Provided by the organization

This section is blank until Yale University claims this page.

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3 program services account for $4.9B of program spending, described in the organization's own filed words · FY2024.
01

Instruction

The program service costs include salaries, fringe benefits and supplies of teaching approximately 15,500 students including 6,741 undergraduates and 8,750 graduate and professional school students.

$2.9Bprogram expense
02

Student Financial Aid and Services

Yale college admits students for their academic and personal promise without regard to their ability to pay. Yale is committed to an admissions policy that does not consider a student's ability to pay, and a financial aid policy that meets the full need of all students with no loans required.

$1.1Bprogram expense
03

Research

The University engages in extensive research in medicine, science, engineering, the arts, social sciences, and humanities. The University's research activities are aimed at the advancement of knowledge as well as training students in the research process.

$936.0Mprogram expense

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Funders

Who pays for it.

From grant filings on record. Receipts are incomplete: individual donors are never listed.

Grants

Schedule I · received and paid
Grants received · FY2025
See all 34 funders →
Grants paid · 2,021 grants · $1.3B · 2019–2024
Unitemized GrantFY2024$135,270,344
Yale New Haven HospitalCT · FY2024$14,308,657
Unitemized GrantFY2024$7,446,486
New Haven Promise INCCT · FY2024$4,559,905
Children's Hospital CorporationMA · FY2024$3,611,092
Mass General Brigham IncorporatedMA · FY2024$2,910,442
Mayo ClinicMN · FY2024$2,857,317
University of CincinnatiFY2024$2,687,586
Washington UniversityMO · FY2024$2,621,902
Duke UniversityNC · FY2024$2,277,990
University of PittsburghPA · FY2024$2,196,012
Mass General Brigham IncorporatedMA · FY2024$2,066,081
See all 2,021 grants →

By the numbers

The FY2024 990, line by line.

1The main four
Money inPt VIII
$8.5B
Ln 12
Investment incomeLn 3$3.7B
Fees for servicesLn 2g$3.2B
Gifts and grantsLn 1h$1.5B
Money outPt IX
$6.7B
Ln 25
Programscol B$5.8B
Managementcol C$759.7M
Fundraisingcol D$97.5M
Owns and owesPt X
$48.5B
net assets · Ln 32
Cash and savingsLn 1–2$763.3M
Total assetsLn 16$58.9B
LiabilitiesLn 26$10.5B
PeoplePt VI, VII
39
listed · VII A
PaidVII A23
Voting boardVI 1a17
IndependentVI 1b16
2In more detail
Revenue in detailPt VIII
Gifts and grantsLn 1h$1.5B
Government grantsLn 1e$908.9M
Noncash giftsLn 1g$75.7M
Fundraising eventsLn 1c$191K
Fees for servicesLn 2g$3.2B
Investment incomeLn 3$3.7B
Other incomeLn 4–11$53.1M
Gains on assetsLn 7$3.04B
Total revenueLn 12$8.5B
Assets in detailPt X, end of year
CashLn 1$0
SavingsLn 2$763.3M
Cash and savings togetherLn 1–2$763.3M
InvestmentsLn 11–13$48.70B
Land, buildings, equipmentLn 10c$6.63B
Other assetsLn 15$1.12B
Total assetsLn 16$58.9B
LiabilitiesLn 26$10.5B
Net assetsLn 32$48.5B
OperationsPt I, VI
EmployeesI 535,714
VolunteersI 615,000
Fiscal year endsHeaderDecember
Conflict-of-interest policyVI 12aYes
Whistleblower policyVI 13Yes
Records policyVI 14Yes
3Year over year
Balance sheet, start vs end of yearPt X · col A, B
LineStart FY24End FY24
Cash and savingsLn 1–2$1.06B$763.3M
InvestmentsLn 11–13$45.70B$48.70B
Land, buildings, equipmentLn 10c$6.15B$6.63B
Total assetsLn 16$55.21B$58.93B
LiabilitiesLn 26$10.01B$10.45B
Net assetsLn 32$45.20B$48.47B
4Every line
Statement of functional expensesPt IX · every line
LineTotalProgramsManagementFundraising
Grants to domestic organizationsLn 1$168.4M$168.4M
Grants to domestic individualsLn 2$658.4M$658.4M
Grants and assistance to foreign recipientsLn 3$34.3M$34.3M
Pay of current officers, directors and key staffLn 5$16.3M$1.9M$13.4M$990K
Pay of disqualified personsLn 6$27.4M$18.4M$8.9M
Other salaries and wagesLn 7$2.70B$2.50B$153.1M$48.8M
Pension plan contributionsLn 8$198.6M$181.2M$13.2M$4.3M
Other employee benefitsLn 9$498.3M$453.4M$34.2M$10.7M
Payroll taxesLn 10$161.5M$146.8M$11.2M$3.5M
Legal feesLn 11b$26.2M$1.1M$25.1M$13K
Accounting feesLn 11c$1.9M$73K$1.8M$4K
Lobbying feesLn 11d$134K$134K
Investment management feesLn 11f$318.3M$318.3M
Other fees for servicesLn 11g$458.6M$401.7M$52.3M$4.6M
Advertising and promotionLn 12$9.5M$7.5M$1.9M$120K
Office expensesLn 13$31.5M$28.8M$2.7M
Information technologyLn 14$67.0M$49.1M$16.8M$996K
RoyaltiesLn 15$3.1M$3.1M
OccupancyLn 16$130.5M$125.4M$3.8M$1.3M
TravelLn 17$80.9M$74.0M$3.3M$3.5M
Travel and entertainment for public officialsLn 18$21K$21K
Conferences, conventions and meetingsLn 19$27.3M$21.6M$2.2M$3.5M
InterestLn 20$111.7M$107.2M$3.4M$1.1M
Depreciation, depletion and amortizationLn 22$385.1M$369.5M$11.9M$3.7M
InsuranceLn 23$64.5M$57.1M$7.3M$453
Other expenses (24a–d)Ln 24$282.3M$248.3M$32.5M$1.5M
All other expensesLn 24e$213.6M$162.4M$44.9M$6.4M
Total functional expensesLn 25$6.67B$5.82B$759.7M$97.5M

Filing history

YearMoney inMoney outIn minus outNet assetsDownload
FY2024 $6.8B$6.2B$644.2M$45.2B 990 PDF
FY2023 $6.3B$5.6B$702.3M$43.9B 990 PDF
FY2022 $7.4B$5.1B$2.3B$43.8B 990 PDF
FY2021 $7.6B$4.7B$3.0B$43.4B 990 PDF
FY2020 $5.6B$4.6B$1.0B$31.0B 990 PDF

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Schedules filed Part IV

III · Programs I · Grants R · Related orgs G · Fundraising L · Interested persons A · Public support F · Foreign M · Noncash
See the full FY2024 990 (4 parts)
Part VIII · Statement of revenue $8,452,768,034 across 15 lines filed
Lines not itemized here account for $48,739,665 of total revenue; see the IRS return.
VIII-1a Federated campaigns$25,592
VIII-1c Fundraising events$191,184
VIII-1d Related organizations$9,105,598
VIII-1e Government grants$908,949,297
VIII-1f All other contributions, gifts and grants$622,090,232
VIII-1g Noncash contributions (included above)$75,712,166
VIII-1h Total contributions, gifts and grants$1,540,361,903
VIII-2a-f Program service revenue, itemized rows (sum of 2a–2f as filed)Related to mission $3,110,917,787 · Unrelated business $667,512$3,111,585,299
VIII-3 Investment incomeUnrelated business −$39,240,143 · Excluded from tax $698,697,300$659,457,157
VIII-5 RoyaltiesExcluded from tax $19,349,668$19,349,668
VIII-6 Net rental income or lossExcluded from tax $2,759,807$2,759,807
VIII-7 Net gain or loss on sales of assetsUnrelated business $65,080,490 · Excluded from tax $2,974,425,716$3,039,506,206
VIII-8 Net income from fundraising eventsExcluded from tax −$125,662−$125,662
VIII-11a-d Other revenue, itemized rows (sum of 11a–11d as filed)Unrelated business $1,983,817 · Excluded from tax $29,150,174$31,133,991
VIII-12 Total revenueRelated to mission $3,155,650,150 · Unrelated business $29,518,157 · Excluded from tax $3,727,237,824$8,452,768,034
Part IX · Statement of functional expenses $6,672,258,952 across 27 lines filed
IX-1 Grants to domestic organizationsPrograms $168,401,424$168,401,424
IX-2 Grants to domestic individualsPrograms $658,448,284$658,448,284
IX-3 Grants and assistance to foreign recipientsPrograms $34,327,299$34,327,299
IX-5 Pay of current officers, directors and key staffPrograms $1,906,550 · Management $13,361,964 · Fundraising $989,644$16,258,158
IX-6 Pay of disqualified personsPrograms $18,443,083 · Management $8,926,136$27,369,219
IX-7 Other salaries and wagesPrograms $2,495,071,349 · Management $153,111,327 · Fundraising $48,778,169$2,696,960,845
IX-8 Pension plan contributionsPrograms $181,152,606 · Management $13,186,507 · Fundraising $4,271,346$198,610,459
IX-9 Other employee benefitsPrograms $453,387,517 · Management $34,185,512 · Fundraising $10,736,064$498,309,093
IX-10 Payroll taxesPrograms $146,791,546 · Management $11,230,556 · Fundraising $3,476,547$161,498,649
IX-11b Legal feesPrograms $1,109,803 · Management $25,110,928 · Fundraising $12,857$26,233,588
IX-11c Accounting feesPrograms $72,620 · Management $1,810,228 · Fundraising $3,837$1,886,685
IX-11d Lobbying feesPrograms $133,922$133,922
IX-11f Investment management feesManagement $318,266,474$318,266,474
IX-11g Other fees for servicesPrograms $401,663,158 · Management $52,346,475 · Fundraising $4,565,905$458,575,538
IX-12 Advertising and promotionPrograms $7,511,426 · Management $1,851,544 · Fundraising $119,723$9,482,693
IX-13 Office expensesPrograms $28,816,980 · Fundraising $2,651,568$31,468,548
IX-14 Information technologyPrograms $49,122,466 · Management $16,842,312 · Fundraising $995,744$66,960,522
IX-15 RoyaltiesPrograms $3,052,027$3,052,027
IX-16 OccupancyPrograms $125,428,300 · Management $3,844,617 · Fundraising $1,252,977$130,525,894
IX-17 TravelPrograms $74,008,268 · Management $3,348,912 · Fundraising $3,522,642$80,879,822
IX-18 Travel and entertainment for public officialsPrograms $20,628$20,628
IX-19 Conferences, conventions and meetingsPrograms $21,642,692 · Management $2,176,265 · Fundraising $3,507,456$27,326,413
IX-20 InterestPrograms $107,201,300 · Management $3,445,218 · Fundraising $1,078,783$111,725,301
IX-22 Depreciation, depletion and amortizationPrograms $369,539,995 · Management $11,877,303 · Fundraising $3,719,079$385,136,377
IX-23 InsurancePrograms $57,133,728 · Management $7,335,360 · Fundraising $453$64,469,541
IX-24 Other expenses (24a–d)Programs $248,262,800 · Management $32,545,536 · Fundraising $1,483,098$282,291,434
IX-24e All other expensesPrograms $162,383,808 · Management $44,883,090 · Fundraising $6,373,217$213,640,115
IX-25 Total functional expensesPrograms $5,815,033,579 · Management $759,686,264 · Fundraising $97,539,109$6,672,258,952
Part X · Balance sheet $58,926,726,383 assets, 23 lines filed
Asset lines not itemized here account for $98,411,691; see the IRS return.
X-1 Cash, non-interest-bearingStart of year $0$0
X-2 Savings and temporary cash investmentsStart of year $1,056,767,942$763,338,201
X-3 Pledges and grants receivableStart of year $1,000,818,973$992,898,646
X-4 Accounts receivableStart of year $312,153,450$278,384,477
X-8 Inventories for sale or useStart of year $17,000,237$16,710,502
X-9 Prepaid expenses and deferred chargesStart of year $274,468,451$322,961,266
X-10c Land, buildings and equipment, netStart of year $6,150,379,163$6,630,690,933
X-11 Publicly traded securitiesStart of year $4,544,079,686$5,900,010,941
X-12 Other securitiesStart of year $41,070,820,353$42,685,189,406
X-13 Program-related investmentsStart of year $81,513,394$114,075,151
X-15 Other assetsStart of year $602,006,468$1,124,055,169
X-16 Total assetsStart of year $55,210,972,740$58,926,726,383
X-17 Accounts payable and accrued expensesStart of year $730,230,344$698,456,034
X-18 Grants payableStart of year $14,911,322$16,329,137
X-19 Deferred revenueStart of year $181,946,454$193,717,931
X-20 Tax-exempt bond liabilitiesStart of year $2,988,254,461$3,444,279,552
X-24 Unsecured notes and loans payableStart of year $1,859,047,764$1,760,221,952
X-25 Other liabilitiesStart of year $4,237,346,606$4,337,705,520
X-26 Total liabilitiesStart of year $10,013,756,266$10,452,253,079
X-27 Net assets without donor restrictionsStart of year $9,441,856,086$10,337,012,842
X-28 Net assets with donor restrictionsStart of year $35,755,360,388$38,137,460,462
X-32 Total net assets or fund balancesStart of year $45,197,216,474$48,474,473,304
X-33 Total liabilities and net assetsStart of year $55,210,972,740$58,926,726,383
Part XI · Reconciliation of net assets $48,474,473,304 net assets at year end
XI-1 Total revenue$8,452,768,034
XI-2 Total expenses$6,672,258,952
XI-3 Revenue less expenses$1,780,509,082
XI-4 Net assets at start of year$45,197,216,474
XI-5 Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments$1,310,899,589
XI-9 Other changes in net assets$185,848,159
XI-10 Net assets at end of year$48,474,473,304

Form 990 e-file (XML) FY2024 from the IRS · Classification, formation year and address from the IRS Business Master File

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